Turkish

<p>
	You will remember what copulae are from previous lessons, but here's a quick reminder; in Turkish copulae are used either to predicate nominals, or they
	are added to already tensed verbs to extend meaning.
</p>
<p> In this lesson you will learn about the conditional copula <strong>-(y)sE</strong>. The conditional copula always creates a conditional sentence. Let's
	see an example of it when it predicates a nominal:
</p><table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>If that car is new</td>
            <td>O araba yeni<strong>yse</strong></td>
        </tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
<p>
	Using conditional copula always spawns a subclause, it can never be a complete sentence on its own. Let's complete the sentence:</p>
	<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>If that car is new, it must be expensive.</td>
            <td>O araba yeni<strong>yse</strong> pahalı olmalı.</td>
        </tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>Like the other copulae, conditional copula can combine with other tense aspect markers,
	as well as the past (which you have seen) and evidential copula (which you are yet to see). Let's see an example:</p>

	<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>Öğretmen sınıfa girdi<strong>yse</strong></td>
            <td>If the teacher entered the classroom</td>
        </tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
<p> Now let's complete it:</p>
	<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>Öğretmen sınıfa girdi<strong>yse</strong> sessiz olalım.</td>
            <td>If the teacher entered the classroom, let's be silent.</td>
        </tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
<p> The meaning added by <strong>-(y)sE</strong> is very predictable. It is as if you add an 'if' to the beginning of the sentence, however since Turkish is
	suffixing, you add it to the end!</p>
<p> There is just one combination you should be specifically aware of, and that is aorist plus conditional copula. While we in general use the aorist for
	recurrent events, when combined with conditional copula it can mean two things. First is the expected meaning, a recurring event (implied by aorist) and a conditionality (implied by the copula).
	Let's see an example:</p>
<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>Eylem balık ye<em>r</em><strong>se</strong>, midesi bulanır.</td>
            <td>If Eylem eats fish, she gets nauseous.</td>
        </tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
<p> The aorist is in italics. We get that everytime Eylem eats fish, she gets nauseous, maybe she's allergic. However there's a second interpretation to the same sentence:</p>
<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>Eylem balık ye<em>r</em><strong>se</strong>, midesi bulanır.</td>
            <td>If Eylem eats fish, she will get nauseous.</td>
        </tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
<p> In this interpretation we get that this is a one time event. And the two interpretations have exactly the same form. Therefore it's ambiguous but 
	most of the time we get the differentiation from the context. In fact, this usage of aorist plus conditional is very common and never have I experienced
a moment of ambigiuity during my daily interactions!</p>
<p> An aorist + conditional copula construction is usually followed up by a verb that also has aorist. For example: </p>
<table class="ui fixed celled table">   
<tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>Spor yap<em>ar</em><strong>sa</strong>n, daha sağlıklı olursun.</td>
            <td>If you exercise, you will be healthier.</td>
        </tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
<p> Even though the meaning of the main clause is future (you <em>will</em> be healthier), we use aorist. You will learn about the intricacies of the conditional in later lessons.
	With practice, you will get used to it quite easily.</p>
<table class="ui fixed celled definition table">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>Conjugation Table</th>
            <th>Singular</th>
            <th>Plural</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>First person</td>
            <td>yap-ar-<strong>sa</strong>-m</td>
            <td>yap-ar-<strong>sa</strong>-k</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Second person</td>
            <td>yap-ar-<strong>sa</strong>-n</td>
            <td>yap-ar-<strong>sa</strong>-nız</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Third person</td>
            <td>yap-ar-<strong>sa</strong></td>
            <td>yap-ar-lar-<strong>sa</strong></td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
 <p> Notice that in the third person plural, the person marker comes before the conditional copula unlike others.</p>

The copulas part 3: Conditional Copula

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Word	tedavi etmek
Meaning	to cure, to treat, to medicate
Part of speech	VERB - transitive, non-causative, VERB - accusative
Pronunciation
Course	Turkish
Lesson	The copulas part 3: Conditional Copula

Turkish - tedavi etmek

Breakdown of tedavi etmek

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Usages of tedavi etmek