Turkish

<p>
        If a sentence has both a <strong>subject</strong> and a <strong>direct object</strong> the subject is the actor and the direct object is acted upon.
        For example in the sentence <strong>He is reading a book</strong>, <strong>He</strong> is the subject, because <strong>He</strong> is doing the reading,
        while <strong>a book</strong> is the direct object, because it is the thing being read. It is acted upon by the subject.
    </p>

    <table class="ui celled table">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Sentence</th>
                <th>Finding the subject</th>
                <th>Subject</th>
                <th>Finding the object</th>
                <th>Direct object</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>He is reading a book.</td>
                <td>Who is reading?</td>
                <td>He</td>
                <td>What is he reading?</td>
                <td>a book</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>I am drinking tea.</td>
                <td>Who is drinking?</td>
                <td>I</td>
                <td>What am I drinking?</td>
                <td>tea</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>We are eating the soup.</td>
                <td>Who is eating?</td>
                <td>We</td>
                <td>What are we eating?</td>
                <td>the soup</td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>

    <p>
        In Turkish, the direct object gets a suffix when it is <strong>definite</strong>.
        The direct object is definite when it refers to a specific object or a specific collection of objects that is known to the addressee (the addressee is the person whom the sentence is directed to).
    </p>
    <p>
        In the sentences above <strong>a book</strong> is not definite, because the addressee doesn't know which book the subject is reading.
        The direct object <strong>tea</strong> is also not definite, since the addressee only knows that I am drinking tea, not which tea I am drinking.
        In the last sentence however, <strong>the soup</strong> is definite. The addressee here knows which soup we are talking about, for example because
        it has already been mentioned before in the conversation.
    </p>
    <p>
        In Turkish, the <strong>definite direct object</strong> receives the <strong>accusative case suffix</strong>, which is <strong>(y)İ</strong>.
        The <strong>y</strong> is between parenthesis again, since it is only used when the direct object ends in a vowel, acting as a buffer letter to prevent two consecutive vowels.
    </p>
    <p>
        Now let's translate the sentences above. Note that in Turkish you don't eat soup, but you drink it.
    </p>

    <table class="ui fixed celled table">
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>He is reading a book.</td>
                <td>(O) (bir) kitap okuyor.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>I am drinking tea.</td>
                <td>(Ben) çay içiyorum.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>We are eating the soup.</td>
                <td>(Biz) çorba<strong>yı</strong> içiyoruz.</td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>

    <p>
        See the table below for a reminder of how to replace <strong>İ</strong> according to major vowel harmony.
    </p>

    <table class="ui celled table">
        <tbody><tr>
            <td>If the last vowel of the object is</td>
            <td><strong>i</strong> or <strong>e</strong></td>
            <td><strong>ı</strong> or <strong>a</strong></td>
            <td><strong>u</strong> or <strong>o</strong></td>
            <td><strong>ü</strong> or <strong>ö</strong></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>replace İ by</td>
            <td><strong>i</strong></td>
            <td><strong>ı</strong></td>
            <td><strong>u</strong></td>
            <td><strong>ü</strong></td>
        </tr>
    </tbody></table>

    <p>
        <strong>Proper nouns</strong> receive an apostrophe before a case suffix.
        Proper nouns are names referring to specific entities such as persons, corporations, cities and countries.
    </p>

    <table class="ui fixed celled table">
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>You are listening to Selma.</td>
                <td>(Siz) Selma'yı dinliyorsunuz.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>They love Istanbul.</td>
                <td>(Onlar) İstanbul'u seviyorlar.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>He is looking for Mehmet.</td>
                <td>(O) Mehmet'i arıyor.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>You are drinking the water.</td>
                <td>(Sen) suyu içiyorsun.</td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>

The accusative case suffix

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Word	istemek
Meaning	to want
Part of speech	VERB - transitive, non-causative, VERB - ablative, VERB - accusative
Pronunciation

I want the delicious chocolate.	Lezzetli çikolatayı istiyorum.
I want to go.	Gitmek istiyorum.
Which bread do you want?	(Sen) hangi ekmeği istiyorsun?
How many do you want?	(Siz) kaç tane istiyorsunuz?
How much water do you want?	(Sen) ne kadar su istiyorsun?
Do you want coffee or tea?	Kahve ya da çay istiyor musun?
Do you want coffee or tea?	Kahve veya çay istiyor musun?
Do you want coffee or do you want tea?	Kahve mi yoksa çay mı istiyorsun?
Does Elif want coffee?	Elif kahve istiyor mu?
Is it Elif who wants coffee?	Elif mi kahve istiyor?
Is it coffee that Elif wants?	Elif kahve mi istiyor?
Everyone wants help from Selma.	Herkes Selma'dan yardım istiyor.
I want to buy that (one).	Şunu almak istiyorum.
I want half a (loaf of) bread.	(Ben) yarım ekmek istiyorum.
I want one and a half (loaves of) bread.	(Ben) bir buçuk ekmek istiyorum.
I want two and a half (loaves of) bread.	(Ben) iki buçuk ekmek istiyorum.
I want five.	Beş tane istiyorum.
I want to come with you.	(Ben) sizinle gelmek istiyorum.
I want coffee without sugar.	(Ben) şekersiz kahve istiyorum.
I want plain coffee^{WITHOUT SUGAR AND MILK}	(Ben) sade kahve istiyorum.
I don't want this tasteless shit.	(Ben) bu lezzetsiz boku istemiyorum.
I want to eat because I'm hungry, but there is no food.	Yemek istiyorum çünkü açım, ama yemek yok.
I want the biggest one.	(Ben) en büyüğünü istiyorum.
I want to try something new.	(Ben) yeni bir şey denemek istiyorum.
It is tomorrow that I want to swim.	(Ben) yüzmeyi yarın istiyorum.
Do you really want this?	(Sen) bunu gerçekten istiyor musun?
I want to be home before it starts raining.	Yağmur yağmaya başlamadan önce evde olmak istiyorum.
Do you want to participate in a research about the increase of income of the foreigners?	Yabancıların gelir artışı hakkında bir araştırmaya katılmak ister misiniz?
wish, desire, want, request	istek
I want you to die.	Ölmenizi istiyorum.
They want us to bring the necessary documents later.	Gerekli belgeleri sonra getirmemizi istiyorlar.
I want to cut Kamil's artery.	Kamil'in atardamarını kesmek istiyorum.
I mean I want to come, but maybe I won't. I don't know.	Yani gelmek istiyorum ama belki gelmem, bilmiyorum.
What do you mean? [Lit.] What do you want to say in other words?	Ne demek istiyorsun yani? When someone is being ambiguous/cryptic and you want to confront them and clarify the subject.
If you want food, cook (do) it yourself.	Yemek istiyorsan kendin yap.
If the shoes you want are not expensive, we can buy them.	İstediğin ayakkabılar pahalı değilse alabiliriz.
to ask for help	yardım istemek
I want to travel around the world.	Dünyayı gezmek istiyorum.

Turkish

istemek

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Usages of istemek

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