Turkish

<p>The <strong>present continuous</strong> is used to describe an action that is currently going on. To form the present continuous of a verb, do the following:</p>

<ol>
	<li>Find the stem by dropping <strong>mEk</strong> from the end of the verb.</li>
	<li>If the last letter of the stem is a vowel, drop it.</li>
	<li>Add the ending for the present continuous, depending on the person who is performing the action.</li>
</ol>

<table class="ui celled definition table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th></th>
			<th>Singular</th>
			<th>Plural</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>First person</td>
			<td>İyorum</td>
			<td>İyoruz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Second person</td>
			<td>İyorsun</td>
			<td>İyorsunuz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Third person</td>
			<td>İyor</td>
			<td>İyor(lar)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	The <strong>lar</strong> ending is optional for animate beings and is not used for objects.
	The <strong>lar</strong> ending is most often used when the subjects are humans.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>The books are falling.</td>
			<td>Kitaplar düşüyor.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>The cats are falling.</td>
			<td>Kediler düşüyor(lar).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>The children are falling.</td>
			<td>Çocuklar düşüyor(lar).</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	See the table below for a reminder of how to replace <strong>İ</strong> according to major vowel harmony.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>If the last vowel after step 2 is</td>
			<td><strong>i</strong> or <strong>e</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ı</strong> or <strong>a</strong></td>
			<td><strong>u</strong> or <strong>o</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ü</strong> or <strong>ö</strong></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>replace İ by</td>
			<td><strong>i</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ı</strong></td>
			<td><strong>u</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ü</strong></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	Below are some examples for creating the present continuous:
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>English</th>
			<th>Infinitive</th>
			<th>Stem</th>
			<th>Drop trailing vowel</th>
			<th>Personal ending</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>I am walking.</td>
			<td>yürümek</td>
			<td>yürü</td>
			<td>yür</td>
			<td>Yürüyorum.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>You are drinking.</td>
			<td>içmek</td>
			<td>iç</td>
			<td>iç</td>
			<td>İçiyorsun.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>She is saying.</td>
			<td>söylemek</td>
			<td>söyle</td>
			<td>söyl</td>
			<td>Söylüyor.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>We are selling.</td>
			<td>satmak</td>
			<td>sat</td>
			<td>sat</td>
			<td>Satıyoruz.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>You are sitting.</td>
			<td>oturmak</td>
			<td>otur</td>
			<td>otur</td>
			<td>Oturuyorsunuz.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>They are reading.</td>
			<td>okumak</td>
			<td>oku</td>
			<td>ok</td>
			<td>Okuyor(lar).</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	As you can see, we can make sentences in Turkish without using the personal pronouns <strong>ben</strong>, <strong>sen</strong>, etc.
	If we do use personal pronouns, extra emphasis is added to the person performing the action.
</p>

<p>
	With the verbs <strong>demek</strong> and <strong>yemek</strong>, there is no vowel left after taking the stem and dropping the trailing vowel.
	In this case, we use the vowel <strong>i</strong>.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>English</th>
			<th>Infinitive</th>
			<th>Stem</th>
			<th>Drop trailing vowel</th>
			<th>Personal ending</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>I am saying.</td>
			<td>demek</td>
			<td>de</td>
			<td>d</td>
			<td>Diyorum.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>You are eating.</td>
			<td>yemek</td>
			<td>ye</td>
			<td>y</td>
			<td>Yiyorsun.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

The present continuous

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Word	ekmek
Meaning	bread
Part of speech	noun
Pronunciation
Course	Turkish
Lesson	The present continuous

He is eating bread.	(O) ekmek yiyor.(O) ekmek yiyor.
Which bread do you want?	(Sen) hangi ekmeği istiyorsun?(Sen) hangi ekmeği istiyorsun?
I want half a (loaf of) bread.	(Ben) yarım ekmek istiyorum.(Ben) yarım ekmek istiyorum.
I want one and a half (loaves of) bread.	(Ben) bir buçuk ekmek istiyorum.(Ben) bir buçuk ekmek istiyorum.
I want two and a half (loaves of) bread.	(Ben) iki buçuk ekmek istiyorum.(Ben) iki buçuk ekmek istiyorum.
Don't go to the grocery. We still have some^B bread.	Bakkala gitme. Hala biraz ekmeğimiz var.

Turkish - ekmek

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Usages of ekmek