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<p> We use <strong>-Dİr</strong> to make generalizations and predictions. In this first part you will learn about its generalization usage.</p>
<p> In Turkish we use <strong>-Dİr</strong> in adages and proverbs.</p>
<table class="ui celled fixed table">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>Çalışmak ibadetin yarısı<strong>dır</strong>.</td>
            <td>To work is half of worship.</td>
        </tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Başlamak bitirmenin yarısı<strong>dır</strong>.</td>
            <td>Well begun is half done. [Lit.] To start is half of finishing.</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<p>It is also used in formal accounts, storytelling or addressing large crowds. For example: </p>
<table class="ui celled fixed table">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>Atatürk 1881'de doğmuş<strong>tur</strong>.</td>
            <td>Atatürk was born in 1881.</td>
        </tr>
		    <tr>
			<td>Mutlaka bu millet aydınlınacak<strong>tır</strong>.</td>
            <td>Surely this nation will be enlightened.</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<p> These sentences would be grammatically acceptable without the <strong>-Dİr</strong>, but adding it reinforces the meaning.
	It conveys either that these things are generally known or these things surely happened, or will happen. That is why it is not redundant to add <strong>-Dİr</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>-Dİr</strong> is added to verbs after their tense endings <strong>-mİş</strong>, <strong>-EcEk</strong>, <strong>-(İ)yor</strong>, <strong>-mElİ</strong>, or <strong>-mEktE</strong>(which you will learn about later).
	It can also be added to nouns.</p>
<table class="ui celled fixed table">
    <tbody>
		<tr data-item="24472"></tr>
		<tr data-item="24476"></tr>
		<tr data-item="24482"></tr>
		<tr data-item="24484"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

The suffix -Dİr : Formal usage

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Demonstratives

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Personal pronouns

The verb "to be"

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The imperative and major vowel harmony

The present continuous

The locative case suffix

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Question	Answer
worship	ibadet
To work is half of worship.	Çalışmak ibadetin yarısıdır.
Well begun is half done. [Lit.] To start is half of finishing.	Başlamak bitirmenin yarısıdır.
Atatürk was born in 1881.	Atatürk 1881'de doğmuştur.
surely, absolutely, certainly	mutlaka
to be enlightened, to brighten up, to become clear	aydınlanmak
Surely this nation will be enlightened.	Mutlaka bu millet aydınlanacaktır.
eagle	kartal
predatory	yırtıcı
Eagles are a predatory species of animals.	Kartallar yırtıcı bir hayvan türüdür.
national	ulusal
anthem, march	marş
independence, freedom, liberty	istiklal
Turkey's national anthem is İstiklal Marşı.	Türkiye'nin ulusal marşı İstiklal Marşı'dır.
currency, unit	birim
dollar	dolar
America's currency is the dollar.	Amerika'nın para birimi dolardır.
Studying is usually boring.	Ders çalışmak genellikle sıkıcıdır.

Turkish 148 - The suffix -Dİr : Formal usage

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