Chinese, Mandarin

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Persian, Dari

Persian, Western

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek, Modern

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

<p>
	Some Turkish suffixes can be added to a verb to turn a sentence into an <strong>adverbial clause</strong>,
	which acts as an adverb that modifies the verb in the main clause.
</p>

<p>
	In this lesson learn such a suffix, namely <strong>-DİğİndE</strong>.
</p>

<p>
	The meaning of this suffix is something close to <strong>when</strong>,
	as in <strong>when x was happening, y happened</strong>. It can refer to ongoing events
	as well as sequential events.
</p>

<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr data-item="29226"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
                
<p>
	Note that there is no marker in <strong>çaldığında</strong> that conveys tense.
	We infer the tense from the context.
	Another possible translation for this sentence could be:
	<strong>(In general, usually) When the doorbell rings, I open it.</strong>
	So there is always ambiguity (like in many other suffixes that don't convey a tense),
	but ninety percent of the time you'll understand the sentence without problems thanks to the context.
</p>

<p>
	Since this suffix helps us differentiate time into two points of reference,
	it is often used together with complex tensed (that is, verbs conjugated with copulae) verbs.
	Related to copulae you have only seen the used-to sentences so we will see examples of that.
	But in the next lesson, you will learn how to construct sentences using the past continuous.
</p>

<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr data-item="29227"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>
	Note how in the first sentence <strong>-DİğİndE</strong> referred to a future or habitual event,
	but in the second sentence it refers to a past event.
	The context determines the interpretation.
</p>

<p>
	According to the subject it refers to, <strong>-DİğİndE</strong> conjugates as follows:
</p>

<table class="ui celled definition table">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th><strong>-DİğİndE</strong></th>
            <th>Singular</th>
            <th>Plural</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>First person</td>
            <td>-Dİğ<strong>İm</strong>dE</td>
            <td>-Dİğ<strong>İmİz</strong>dE</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Second person</td>
            <td>-Dİğ<strong>İn</strong>dE</td>
            <td>-Dİğ<strong>İnİz</strong>dE</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Third person</td>
            <td>-Dİğ<strong>İn</strong>dE</td>
            <td>-Dİk<strong>lErİn</strong>dE</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

Temporal adverbial clauses: -DİğİndE

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Demonstratives

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Personal pronouns

The verb "to be"

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The imperative and major vowel harmony

The present continuous

The locative case suffix

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Question	Answer
to ring	çalmak
When the doorbell rings, I will open (the door).	Kapı çaldığında ben açarım.
snowman	kardan adam
When it snowed we used to make snowmen.	Kar yağdığında kardan adamlar yapardık.
to be stolen	çalınmak
to help, to aid	yardım etmek
When his car was stolen, the police didn't help Kamil.	Arabası çalındığında, polis Kamil'e yardım etmedi.
to lie; to lie down; to go to bed	yatmak
cool, chilly	serin
It was cool when I went to bed.	Ben yattığımda hava serindi.
to cry, to weep	ağlamak
to sadden, to aggrieve	üzmek
to get sad, to be sorry, to feel bad	üzülmek
When you cry, your mother gets very sad.	Ağladığınızda anneniz çok üzülüyor.

Turkish 166 - Temporal adverbial clauses: -DİğİndE

Contributors