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Questions & Answers about Yağmurluğu çadıra koyacaktım.
How does koyacaktım translate to 'I was going to put'?
It builds on the verb koy (put) by adding the future suffix -acak (going to), the past tense suffix -tı (was), and the personal ending -m (I). Combining -acak and -tı shows an intention you had in the past, usually one that you didn't actually complete.
Why is it spelled yağmurluğu with a ğ instead of yağmurluk?
Because you are talking about a specific raincoat (putting the raincoat), you must add the accusative case suffix -u to make it the direct object. When a Turkish word ending in k gets a suffix starting with a vowel, the k softens into a ğ to make it easier to pronounce.
Why do we add -a to çadır (tent)? Shouldn't we use the locative case for 'in'?
English speakers usually say they put something 'in' a place, but the Turkish verb koymak (to put) focuses on the destination of the movement. Therefore, it requires the dative case (the 'to' direction). The -a suffix acts as that destination marker.