excommunicationthe formal exclusion of a person from participation in the sacraments of the Christian ChurchPope Gregory VII used excommunication as a political weapon against Emperor Henry IV in the Investiture Controversy.NotePope Gregory VII used excommunication as a political weapon against Emperor Henry IV in the Investiture Controversy.Elon.io is an online learning platformWe have an entire course teaching TOEFL Academic Vocabulary grammar and vocabulary.Start learning TOEFL Academic Vocabulary now