Questions & Answers about Livet innehåller både glädje och sorg.
Why don't glädje and sorg have articles here, like "en glädje"?
This matches the current lesson! In Swedish, when you talk about abstract, uncountable concepts in a general sense—like joy (glädje), sorrow (sorg), or love (kärlek)—you drop the article completely. This is called the "zero article" and works exactly like it does in English.
Wait, if general abstract concepts drop the article, why is it Livet (the life) instead of just Liv?
This is a great catch and a classic exception. While most abstract nouns take the zero article in general statements, a few overarching universal concepts like life (livet), death (döden), and nature (naturen) take the definite form in Swedish. English just says "Life", but Swedish says "The life".
How do you use the phrase både ... och?
Både ... och ... is a set phrase meaning "both ... and ...". You place både directly before the first item (glädje) and och before the second (sorg). It is an incredibly common way to link two words or phrases together in Swedish.
Is sorg related to the English word "sorry"?