The relative pronoun what (vad)

The relative pronoun "vad"

You already know vad as the question word for "what". Just like in English, you can also use vad in the middle of a sentence to mean "what" or "that which".

The fortune teller can see what the crystal ball shows.
Spådamen kan se vad kristallkulan visar.
She knows what the symbol in the palm means.
Hon vet vad symbolen i handflatan betyder.

When used this way, vad acts as a relative pronoun connecting two parts of a sentence. It introduces a subordinate clause and is extremely common when describing what someone knows, sees, or explains.

Since destiny is secret, we must interpret what she says.
Eftersom ödet är hemligt måste vi tolka vad hon säger.

Indirect questions and prepositions

You will frequently use vad to embed an indirect question into a statement. Notice that the clause following vad uses standard word order (Subject + Verb).

I asked her what the zodiac sign means.
Jag frågade henne vad stjärntecknet betyder.

If the first part of the sentence uses a verb that is normally paired with a preposition (like lyssnar på), you simply place the preposition right before vad.

We put our hands next to the crystal ball and listen to what the prophecy says.
Vi lägger händerna bredvid kristallkulan och lyssnar på vad spådomen säger.