The Past S-Passive
You can create the passive voice by adding an -s to the end of a verb. The passive voice is especially useful for historical events where the action or structure is more important than who built it.
For verbs with the simple past ending -ade, the passive ending becomes -ades.
| The city was founded a hundred years ago. | Staden grundades för hundra år sedan. |
Specifying the Actor
To mention who performed the action, use the preposition av (by).
| The old fortress was founded by the king. | Den gamla fästningen grundades av kungen. |
| The town hall was designed by a famous architect. | Rådhuset ritades av en känd arkitekt. |
The -des Ending
For verbs with the simple past ending -de, add an -s to get -des.
| Last year the beautiful cemetery was inaugurated. | I fjol invigdes den vackra kyrkogården. |
| Unfortunately, the fortress was destroyed in the war. | Tyvärr förstördes fästningen i kriget. |
You can combine these forms to describe a sequence of events:
| The bridge was destroyed first, but it was renovated later. | Bron förstördes först, men den renoverades senare. |
| The new church was designed and inaugurated the same year. | Den nya kyrkan ritades och invigdes samma år. |
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