Pinpointing the Past
To state exactly when a specific, completed event happened in the past, Swedish often uses time expressions starting with the preposition i. For example, i natt means "last night."
| Are you sure about the alibi? | Är du säker på alibit? |
| The murder happened last night. | Mordet hände i natt. |
This Morning
To say "this morning" (referring to a morning that has already passed today), use i morse. For "yesterday morning," use igår morse.
| The witness lied this morning. | Vittnet ljög i morse. |
| I am sure that he slept yesterday morning. | Jag är säker på att han sov igår morse. |
| I was sleeping at home when the murder happened this morning. | Jag sov hemma när mordet hände i morse. |
Last Year
To say "last year," Swedish uses a fixed expression: i fjol.
| He had no alibi last year. | Han hade inget alibi i fjol. |
| The thief did not disappear last year. | Tjuven försvann inte i fjol. |
Past Seasons and Holidays
To refer to the most recent occurrence of a season or holiday, use i followed by the noun with an -s added to the end.
This contrasts with habitual actions (like på sommaren for "in the summer" / "during summers"). Adding the -s pinpoints one specific season or holiday in the past.
| Time Period | Specific Past Expression | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| jul (Christmas) | i julas | last Christmas |
| sommar (summer) | i somras | last summer |
| He lied to the police last Christmas. | Han ljög för polisen i julas. |
| Where was the witness last summer? | Var var vittnet i somras? |
| The witness had already disappeared last summer. | Vittnet hade redan försvunnit i somras. |
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