Progressive aspect (sitter och, står och)

The Swedish "-ing" form

Swedish doesn't have a direct equivalent to the English continuous "-ing" form (like "is working" or "are reading"). Usually, the simple present tense is enough. However, to emphasize that an action is ongoing right now, Swedish often uses a structure called pseudo-coordination.

This involves pairing a positional verb with och (and) and your main active verb. If the person is on their feet while doing the action, use står (stands). If they are seated, use sitter (sits).

While this translates literally to "stands and digs" or "sits and enjoys", it is the natural Swedish way to say "is digging" or "is enjoying".

The man is standing and digging in the soil.
Mannen står och gräver i jorden.
We are sitting and enjoying the sunshine.
Vi sitter och njuter av solskenet.
She is standing and watering the flower.
Hon står och vattnar blomman.

Where to put adverbs

When using sentence adverbs like ofta (often), aldrig (never), or ju (of course), place them immediately after the first verb (the positional verb).

We often stand and dig with the spade.
Vi står ofta och gräver med spaden.
We never sit and sleep in the sunshine.
Vi sitter aldrig och sover i solskenet.
You are standing and holding the spade, of course!
Du står ju och håller i spaden!

Lying down

Naturally, if the subject is lying down while doing the action, use ligger (lies).

The dog is lying and resting in the grass.
Hunden ligger och vilar i gräset.

Describing busy scenes

You will often see these positional phrases combined to set a scene with multiple ongoing actions, frequently connected by words like medan (while).

He is sitting and reading while I am standing and watering.
Han sitter och läser medan jag står och vattnar.