Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

The Past Tense: var and hade

Welcome to the simple past tense (preteritum)! Just like in the present tense, Swedish verbs never change based on the subject (I, you, we, they).

  • vara (to be) becomes var (was/were)
  • ha (to have) becomes hade (had)

Word Order Reminder: If you start your sentence with a time expression like igår (yesterday) or i helgen (this weekend), remember the V2 rule. The verb must be the second idea in the sentence, immediately following the time expression.

Yesterday I was sick.
Igår var jag sjuk.
I was off from work.
Jag var ledig från jobbet.
Yesterday I had a fever.
Igår hade jag feber.

Asking Questions

To ask a yes/no question about the past, simply invert the subject and the verb, starting your sentence with var or hade.

Were you off work yesterday?
Var du ledig igår?
Did you have an exam yesterday?
Hade du ett prov igår?

Adjective Agreement in the Past

Even though an event happened in the past, adjectives still must agree with the noun they describe. Just as in the present tense, add -t for ett-words and -a for plural subjects.

I had a cold yesterday.
Jag var förkyld igår.
They had colds and were tired.
De var förkylda och trötta.
This book was boring.
Den här boken var tråkig.
The exam was not boring.
Provet var inte tråkigt.

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