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### Multiplied comparisons

When you want to say something is "twice as big" or "half as expensive," Swedish uses a structure very similar to English: **[multiplier] + så + [adjective/adverb] + som**.

### Twice as (dubbelt så)

To say "twice as", use **dubbelt så**. Remember that the adjective must still agree in gender and number with the noun you are describing. 

For an *ett*-word like an aquarium (**ett akvarium**), you will use the *ett*-form of the adjective (e.g., **stort**).

{{item:928211}}

### Half as and times as (hälften så, gånger så)

To say "half as," use **hälften så**. For specific multipliers like "three times as," use the number followed by **gånger så**.

Let's see this with an *en*-word like a pump (**en pump**), where the adjective takes its base form (**kraftfull**).

{{item:928216}}

And here is "half as" in action:

{{item:928219}}

When describing multiple things, make sure your adjective takes the plural **-a** ending (like **långa** for "long").

{{item:928231}}

### Comparing quantities (mycket vs. många)

You can also compare amounts by inserting **mycket** (much) or **många** (many) after your multiplier. 

Use **mycket** for uncountable nouns (like water or sand):

{{item:928214}}

Use **många** for countable nouns (like individual corals):

{{item:928230}}

### Describing actions (Adverbs)

When you are comparing *how* an action is done (an adverb) rather than describing a noun, the structure is identical. Adverbs in Swedish take the same form as the *ett*-word adjective, typically ending in **-t** (e.g., **snabbt** for "fast").

{{item:928218}}

Multiplied comparisons (dubbelt så ... som)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Question	Answer
the aquarium	akvariet
twice	dubbelt
This aquarium is twice as large as the old one.	Detta akvarium är dubbelt så stort som det gamla.
the saltwater	saltvattnet
the freshwater	sötvattnet
These aquariums contain twice as much saltwater as freshwater.	Dessa akvarier innehåller dubbelt så mycket saltvatten som sötvatten.
the pump	pumpen
The new pump is three times as powerful as the old one.	Den nya pumpen är tre gånger så kraftfull som den gamla.
the shark	hajen
The sharks will grow twice as fast, provided that the saltwater is warm.	Hajarna kommer att växa dubbelt så snabbt, förutsatt att saltvattnet är varmt.
The actual aquarium is half as large as we think.	Själva akvariet är hälften så stort som vi tror.
the coral	korallen
the sand	sanden
These corals are three times as expensive as the sand.	Dessa koraller är tre gånger så dyra som sanden.
the measurement (size, dimension)	måttet
The aquarium is twice as wide as the measurement.	Akvariet är dubbelt så brett som måttet.
the alga	algen
The algae grow twice as fast in these aquariums.	Algerna växer dubbelt så snabbt i dessa akvarier.
We need half as much sand for the freshwater.	Vi behöver hälften så mycket sand till sötvattnet.
the width	bredden
The actual pump is half as large, provided that the width is correct.	Själva pumpen är hälften så stor, förutsatt att bredden stämmer.
The algae cover half as many corals now.	Algerna täcker hälften så många koraller nu.
The actual sharks are twice as long as the measurement.	Själva hajarna är dubbelt så långa som måttet.
The width is twice as large as the depth.	Bredden är dubbelt så stor som djupet.