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### Emphasizing the Subject

When giving live sports commentary, you often want to highlight exactly *who* made the crucial play. In Swedish, this is done using a structure called a "cleft sentence" (utbrytning). 

Instead of just saying "The goalkeeper makes the save," you shift the spotlight by saying "It is the goalkeeper who makes the save!"

The formula is straightforward: **Det är** (It is) + **[the person]** + **som** (who/that) + **[the action]**.

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### Actions in the Past

To emphasize someone who performed a play that just finished, simply change **är** to **var** (was). The rest of the structure stays exactly the same: **Det var [the person] som...**

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### Confirming Who Did It

You can easily turn this structure into a question when you need to confirm which player performed an action or is in a certain state. Just invert the first two words, changing *Det är* to **Är det** (Is it) or *Det var* to **Var det** (Was it).

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Cleft sentences (det är ... som)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Question	Answer
the goalkeeper	målvakten
the save	räddningen
It is the goalkeeper who makes the save!	Det är målvakten som gör räddningen!
the striker	anfallaren
the shot	skottet
Was it the striker who missed the shot?	Var det anfallaren som missade skottet?
the captain	kaptenen
the pass	passningen
It was the captain who made the pass.	Det var kaptenen som slog passningen.
the defender	försvararen
to tackle	tackla
It was the defender who tackled the striker.	Det var försvararen som tacklade anfallaren.
to dribble	dribbla
Is it the captain who is dribbling?	Är det kaptenen som dribblar?
the free kick	frisparken
It is the striker who takes the free kick.	Det är anfallaren som tar frisparken.
It is the captain who scores the goal!	Det är kaptenen som gör målet!
Is it the goalkeeper who is injured?	Är det målvakten som är skadad?
When the captain dribbles, the defender tries to tackle him.	När kaptenen dribblar försöker försvararen tackla honom.
The striker is losing the ball now!	Anfallaren håller på att förlora bollen nu!
The captain runs forward and misses the shot.	Kaptenen springer fram och missar skottet.
The goalkeeper is bigger than the striker.	Målvakten är större än anfallaren.
It is the captain who takes the free kick and makes the pass.	Det är kaptenen som tar frisparken och gör passningen.
It is the goalkeeper who makes the save.	Det är målvakten som gör räddningen.