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Spanish (Spain)

### Saying it twice

Repeating an imperative makes it urgent, or warmer when you invite someone. A reason often follows with **que** (*because*).

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Urgent: the train is leaving.

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Warm: a host making you feel welcome.

### Harder or softer

**Ahora mismo** pushes the order. **Si no te importa** makes it a request. A light final **¿quieres?** softens it too, though said sharply it sounds impatient (*Cállate, ¿quieres?*).

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No room for discussion.

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The same imperative, now a favor.

### **¡Que te calles!**

**Que** + present subjunctive repeats an order that was not obeyed or not heard. It is short for *te he dicho que te calles*, so it usually sounds impatient.

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The other person asks *What?*; you repeat the order with **que**.

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After **que** the pronoun goes before the verb: **te sientes**, not *siéntate*.

A negative order works the same way: **¡Que no abras la puerta!**

### **¡A comer!**

**A** + infinitive is a quick order, often to a group: at home, in class, in sport.

| order | meaning |
|---|---|
| ¡A comer! | Time to eat! |
| ¡A dormir! | Time for bed! |
| ¡A trabajar! | Back to work! |

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The classic call to the table.

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**Venga** in front makes it friendlier.

Urging and insisting (¡corre, corre!, ¡que te calles!, ¡a comer!)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
Run, run, we're going to miss the train!	¡Corre, corre, que perdemos el tren!
Eat, eat, it's really tasty.	Come, come, que está muy rico.
Sit down, sit down, I'll bring you a coffee now.	Siéntate, siéntate, que ahora te traigo un café.
Get out of there right now.	Sal de ahí ahora mismo.
Come here right now, you guys.	Venid aquí ahora mismo.
Close the window, if you don't mind.	Cierra la ventana, si no te importa.
Help me for a moment, will you?	Ayúdame un momento, ¿quieres?
What? I said be quiet!	¿Qué? ¡Que te calles!
I said go to bed, you guys!	¡Que os vayáis a dormir!
Sit down, I said! I've told you three times.	¡Que te sientes! Te lo he dicho tres veces.
What? I said give me the keys.	¿Cómo? Que me des las llaves.
I said don't open the door!	¡Que no abras la puerta!
Kids, time to eat!	¡Niños, a comer!
It's very late. Time for bed!	Es muy tarde. ¡A dormir!
Come on, guys, back to work.	Venga, chicos, a trabajar.
Quiet! Time to study!	¡Silencio! ¡A estudiar!

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