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Spanish (Spain)

### Talking about the people around you

These expressions are everywhere in spoken Spanish in Spain. Three are colloquial: fine with friends, out of place in a formal email.

| colloquial | neutral |
|---|---|
| **estar hecho polvo** | estar muy cansado |
| **buen rollo** | buen ambiente |
| **la pasta** | el dinero |

**Ser de fiar**, **hacer trampas** and **hacer el ridículo** are plain Spanish: you can use them anywhere, formal writing included.

### Fixed phrases

In **ser de fiar** only **ser** changes; **de fiar** stays the same. In Spain, **trampas** in *hacer trampas* is usually plural.

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In **estar hecho polvo**, **hecho** agrees with the person: *hecha polvo*, *hechos polvo*.

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### Two kinds of **rollo**

You know **un rollo**, a drag. With **buen** or **mal** in front, **rollo** is usually the vibe, and **dar mal rollo** is to give someone a bad feeling.

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### **Pasta** you cannot eat

**La pasta** is also slang for money. Earned or spent, it is usually money; cooked or eaten, it is food.

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### **Sospechoso**

**El sospechoso** is usually the suspect; after a noun or after **parecer**, **sospechoso** means *suspicious*.

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Trust and good vibes (ser de fiar, hacer trampas, buen rollo)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the vibe (good or bad, colloquial)	el rollo
There's a really good vibe at my new job.	En mi nuevo trabajo hay muy buen rollo.
That party gave me a really bad vibe.	Esa fiesta me dio muy mal rollo.
The class is a drag, but there's a good vibe.	La clase es un rollo, pero hay buen rollo.
the money, the dough (colloquial)	la pasta
That car costs a lot of dough.	Ese coche cuesta mucha pasta.
I have no dough to go on holiday.	No tengo pasta para ir de vacaciones.
He earns a lot of dough, but he only eats pasta with tomato.	Gana mucha pasta, pero solo come pasta con tomate.
to be exhausted, worn out (colloquial)	estar hecho polvo
My mother is worn out after the trip.	Mi madre está hecha polvo después del viaje.
On Sunday we were shattered from so much dancing.	El domingo estábamos hechos polvo de tanto bailar.
After twelve hours of work, I'm worn out.	Después de doce horas de trabajo, estoy hecho polvo.
to make a fool of oneself	hacer el ridículo
Last night I made a fool of myself at my cousin's wedding.	Anoche hice el ridículo en la boda de mi prima.
I don't want to make a fool of myself in front of your parents.	No quiero hacer el ridículo delante de tus padres.
It turns out that he made a fool of himself in front of everyone.	Resulta que hizo el ridículo delante de todo el mundo.
to be trustworthy	ser de fiar
Your flatmate isn't trustworthy.	Tu compañero de piso no es de fiar.
My brother is trustworthy: he never tells a secret.	Mi hermano es de fiar: nunca cuenta un secreto.
to cheat (in a game, an exam)	hacer trampas
That guy isn't trustworthy, and on top of that he cheats.	Ese tipo no es de fiar, y encima hace trampas.
My grandmother always cheats when we play poker.	Mi abuela siempre hace trampas cuando jugamos al póker.
They caught her cheating in the exam.	La pillaron haciendo trampas en el examen.
If you cheat, I'm not playing anymore.	Si haces trampas, no juego más.
suspicious (arousing suspicion), suspect	sospechoso
It seems suspicious to me that he always wins.	Me parece sospechoso que siempre gane.
Your new friend seems a bit suspicious to me.	Tu nuevo amigo me parece un poco sospechoso.
The suspect had a very suspicious attitude.	El sospechoso tenía una actitud muy sospechosa.

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