Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Spanish (Spain)

### The Neuter Relative Pronoun: lo cual

In Spanish, relative pronouns link clauses together. When you want to use "which" to refer back to an entire preceding idea, situation, or clause—rather than a specific noun—use the neuter relative pronoun **lo cual**.

{{item:1234544}}

{{item:1234545}}

### Connecting Causes and Consequences

Because **lo cual** requires an immediately preceding clause to refer back to, it can never be used to start a sentence. It almost always follows a comma, making it the perfect tool for connecting a natural event to its consequence.

{{item:1234548}}

{{item:1234553}}

{{item:1234559}}

### Adding Observations

You can also use **lo cual** to attach a commentary, judgment, or explanation to a geological phenomenon you just mentioned.

{{item:1234556}}

{{item:1234562}}

{{item:1234563}}

The neuter relative pronoun (lo cual)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the glacier	el glaciar
which (referring to a preceding idea)	lo cual
The glacier is melting very fast, which is terrible.	El glaciar se está derritiendo muy rápido, lo cual es terrible.
The geologist has been studying the glacier for five years, which is fascinating.	El geólogo lleva cinco años estudiando el glaciar, lo cual es fascinante.
the geological fault	la falla
seismic	sísmico
There is a lot of activity on the geological fault, which causes a seismic risk.	Hay mucha actividad en la falla, lo cual provoca un riesgo sísmico.
the crack	la grieta
Apparently, the seismic movement opened the crack.	Por lo visto, el movimiento sísmico abrió la grieta.
the tectonic plate	la placa
tectonic	tectónico
The tectonic plate is moving, which causes earthquakes.	La placa tectónica se mueve, lo cual provoca terremotos.
If only the tectonic plate did not cause an earthquake!	¡Ojalá la placa tectónica no causara un terremoto!
the magma	el magma
The magma rises through the crack, which is very dangerous.	El magma sube por la grieta, lo cual es muy peligroso.
If only the magma had not come out through the crack!	¡Ojalá el magma no hubiera salido por la grieta!
the avalanche	la avalancha
The storm caused an avalanche, which blocked the road.	La tormenta provocó una avalancha, lo cual bloqueó la carretera.
the landslide	el deslizamiento
Apparently, the noise of the avalanche caused the landslide.	Al parecer, el ruido de la avalancha provocó el deslizamiento de tierra.
The tectonic plate keeps shaking, which explains the damage.	La placa tectónica sigue temblando, lo cual explica los daños.
The scientist found a crack in the glacier, which is strange.	La científica encontró una grieta en el glaciar, lo cual es extraño.
The fault moves, which causes the landslide.	La falla se mueve, lo cual provoca el deslizamiento.