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Spanish (Spain)

### The future: the whole infinitive + an ending

The future is the easiest tense to build. Take the **whole infinitive** — **hablar**, **comer**, **vivir** — and add one set of endings. The endings are the same for -ar, -er and -ir verbs, and every form except nosotros carries an accent.

| | hablar | comer | vivir |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | hablar**é** | comer**é** | vivir**é** |
| tú | hablar**ás** | comer**ás** | vivir**ás** |
| él / ella / usted | hablar**á** | comer**á** | vivir**á** |
| nosotros / nosotras | hablar**emos** | comer**emos** | vivir**emos** |
| vosotros / vosotras | hablar**éis** | comer**éis** | vivir**éis** |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | hablar**án** | comer**án** | vivir**án** |

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### Irregular stems

A handful of common verbs change the stem, but the endings stay exactly the same.

| infinitive | stem | example |
|---|---|---|
| tener | **tendr-** | tendré |
| poner | **pondr-** | pondré |
| salir | **saldr-** | saldré |
| venir | **vendr-** | vendré |
| poder | **podr-** | podré |
| saber | **sabr-** | sabré |
| querer | **querr-** | querré |
| hacer | **har-** | haré |
| decir | **dir-** | diré |
| haber (hay) | **habr-** | habrá (*there will be*) |

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### Future or **ir a**?

You already use **ir a** + infinitive for plans, and in everyday speech in Spain it is the more common choice. The future is used for predictions, promises and things further away — and in the main clause after **si** + present.

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### Common mistakes

- *teneré*, *poderé* → **tendré**, **podré**.
- Keep the accents: **hablará** (will speak) and *hablara* are different forms — write **é, ás, á, éis, án**.
- **hay** → **habrá** (*there will be*), singular even before a plural: *habrá dos reuniones*, never *habrán*.

The future tense (hablaré, tendré)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
Tomorrow I will speak with the boss.	Mañana hablaré con el jefe.
Will you eat with us tomorrow?	¿Comerás con nosotros mañana?
My sister will live in Madrid.	Mi hermana vivirá en Madrid.
Tomorrow we will visit the grandparents.	Mañana visitaremos a los abuelos.
Will you guys travel by train?	¿Viajaréis en tren?
My parents will arrive soon.	Mis padres llegarán pronto.
Later I will write you a message.	Luego te escribiré un mensaje.
Soon you will understand the lesson.	Pronto entenderás la lección.
Will you guys open the shop tomorrow?	¿Abriréis la tienda mañana?
You will receive the package tomorrow.	Usted recibirá el paquete mañana.
Tomorrow I will have more time.	Mañana tendré más tiempo.
What will you do tomorrow?	¿Qué harás mañana?
The students will take the exam tomorrow.	Los estudiantes harán el examen mañana.
We will not be able to go to the party.	No podremos ir a la fiesta.
I will leave home at eight.	Saldré de casa a las ocho.
Will you guys come to the party?	¿Vendréis a la fiesta?
I will tell you the truth.	Te diré la verdad.
The children will not want to sleep.	Los niños no querrán dormir.
Soon we will know the result.	Pronto sabremos el resultado.
Where will you put the sofa?	¿Dónde pondrás el sofá?
Tomorrow there will be a meeting.	Mañana habrá una reunión.
If it rains, we will stay at home.	Si llueve, nos quedaremos en casa.
I am going to eat now and later I will study.	Voy a comer ahora y luego estudiaré.

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