Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Spanish (Spain)

### A new stem change: **e → i**

You already know verbs whose stem vowel changes when it is stressed: **querer** gives *quiero*, **poder** gives *puedo*. A small group of **-ir** verbs changes the **e** to **i** instead. The three you know are **pedir** (to ask for, to order), **servir** (to serve) and **repetir** (to repeat).

{{item:1185376}}

{{item:1185383}}

{{item:1185388}}

### The whole present

| | pedir | servir | repetir |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | **pido** | **sirvo** | **repito** |
| tú | **pides** | **sirves** | **repites** |
| él / ella / usted | **pide** | **sirve** | **repite** |
| nosotros / nosotras | pedimos | servimos | repetimos |
| vosotros / vosotras | pedís | servís | repetís |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | **piden** | **sirven** | **repiten** |

{{item:1185384}}

{{item:1185393}}

### Nosotros and vosotros keep the **e**

The change only happens where the stress falls on the stem. In **pedimos** and **pedís** the stress moves to the ending, so the **e** stays — exactly as in *queremos* and *podéis*.

{{item:1185380}}

{{item:1185381}}

{{item:1185391}}

### **pedir** or **preguntar**?

English says *ask* for both; Spanish does not. **Pedir** is to ask **for** something — a coffee, the bill, money. **Preguntar** is to ask a question.

{{item:1185394}}

### With object pronouns

The pronouns go in front of the conjugated verb as usual, and **le** still becomes **se** before **lo** or **la**.

{{item:1185382}}

{{item:1185395}}

### Common mistakes

- *pidimos*, *repitís* → **pedimos**, **repetís**: no change in the nosotros and vosotros forms.
- *repeto*, *servo* → **repito**, **sirvo**.
- **decir** follows the same pattern (*dices*, *dice*, *dicen*, but *decimos*) with its own yo form, **digo**.

Stem-changing verbs: e to i (pido, sirves, repito)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
I always order a black coffee.	Siempre pido un café solo.
What are you ordering for dinner?	¿Qué pides para cenar?
My brother orders a hamburger.	Mi hermano pide una hamburguesa.
What are you ordering?	¿Qué pide usted?
We ask for the bill.	Pedimos la cuenta.
What are you guys ordering?	¿Qué pedís vosotros?
The children always ask me for money.	Los niños siempre me piden dinero.
The waiter serves the wine.	El camarero sirve el vino.
I serve the soup and you serve the fish.	Yo sirvo la sopa y tú sirves el pescado.
We serve dinner at nine.	Servimos la cena a las nueve.
Do you guys serve the coffee on the terrace?	¿Servís el café en la terraza?
In this bar they serve sandwiches.	En este bar sirven bocadillos.
I repeat the word.	Repito la palabra.
Will you repeat the question for me?	¿Me repites la pregunta?
The teacher repeats the lesson.	El profesor repite la lección.
We repeat the exercise.	Repetimos el ejercicio.
Will you guys repeat the number, please?	¿Repetís el número, por favor?
The students repeat the words.	Los estudiantes repiten las palabras.
I ask the time and order a coffee.	Pregunto la hora y pido un café.
The boy asks for water and his mother serves it to him.	El niño pide agua y su madre se la sirve.

Contributors