Object pronouns and the Present Perfect
When replacing a lost item with a direct object pronoun (lo, la, los, las) in the present perfect tense, always place the pronoun immediately before the conjugated form of haber.
Never put a pronoun between haber and the past participle.
| Where is the wallet? I have lost it. | ¿Dónde está la cartera? La he perdido. |
| The laptop is not here. Someone has stolen it. | El portátil no está aquí. Alguien lo ha robado. |
| Where is your backpack? I have left it in the car. | ¿Dónde está tu mochila? La he dejado en el coche. |
Negation with the Present Perfect
If the sentence is negative, simply place the word no before the pronoun. The structure remains strictly in this order: no + pronoun + haber + past participle.
| Have you lost the backpack? No, I have not lost it. | ¿Has perdido la mochila? No, no la he perdido. |
| Have you looked for the ring in the drawer? I have not found it. | ¿Has buscado el anillo en el cajón? No lo he encontrado. |
Using two pronouns together
When a sentence has both an indirect object pronoun (such as me or te) to show who is affected, and a direct object pronoun for the item itself, the indirect object always comes first.
Both pronouns stay together and are placed right before haber.
| Have they stolen your wallet? Yes, they have stolen it from me. | ¿Te han robado la cartera? Sí, me la han robado. |
| The ring is very expensive. My husband has given it to me. | El anillo es muy caro. Mi marido me lo ha regalado. |
| The earrings are beautiful. My mother has bought them for me. | Los pendientes son bonitos. Mi madre me los ha comprado. |
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