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Spanish (Spain)

In Spanish, the conditional tense isn't just for talking about what "would" happen. Just like the future tense can express probability in the present, the conditional tense can be used to make a guess, a hypothesis, or express probability about the *past*.

### Wondering out loud (Questions)

When you ask a question using the conditional tense, you are wondering about a past situation. In English, this usually translates to "I wonder if..." or "I wonder what..." regarding a past event.

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### Making a guess (Statements)

When you make a statement using the conditional tense, you are expressing that something was likely true in the past. It often translates to "It was probably..." or "It must have been...".

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### Guessing what happened

You can apply this same concept to any verb to hypothesize about what a person, animal, or force of nature probably did.

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Probability in the past (-ía)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the volcano	el volcán
I wonder how old the volcano was.	¿Qué edad tendría el volcán?
The volcano was probably very dangerous.	El volcán sería muy peligroso.
the earthquake	el terremoto
The earthquake probably destroyed the village.	El terremoto destruiría el pueblo.
I wonder why there was an earthquake yesterday.	¿Por qué habría un terremoto ayer?
the eruption	la erupción
The eruption was probably impressive but dangerous.	La erupción sería impresionante pero peligrosa.
I wonder what time the eruption was.	¿A qué hora sería la erupción?
the geologist	el geólogo
The geologist must have been in the cave.	El geólogo estaría en la cueva.
the fossil	el fósil
The geologist said that that was a fossil.	La geóloga dijo que eso era un fósil.
The fossil was probably very old.	El fósil sería muy antiguo.
the rock	la roca
The scientist brought a very strange rock.	La científica trajo una roca muy rara.
The rock probably fell from the mountain.	La roca caería de la montaña.
the dinosaur	el dinosaurio
The dinosaur probably died in the forest.	El dinosaurio moriría en el bosque.
I wonder if the dinosaur was hungry.	¿Tendría hambre el dinosaurio?
the ash	la ceniza
There was probably a lot of ash in the sky.	Habría mucha ceniza en el cielo.
The ash must have been very hot.	La ceniza estaría muy caliente.
the crater	el cráter
The crater was probably very deep.	El cráter sería muy profundo.
I wonder if the crater was empty.	¿Estaría vacío el cráter?
the meteorite	el meteorito
I wonder if the meteorite was made of metal.	¿Sería de metal el meteorito?
That meteorite brought the ice to the planet.	Ese meteorito trajo el hielo al planeta.