Unfinished timeframes
In Spain, the present perfect is the standard tense used to talk about actions that happened in a period of time that is not yet finished. If you are describing what you did "today" (hoy), "this week" (esta semana), or "this semester" (este semestre), you will use the present perfect.
| Today I have passed a difficult subject. | Hoy he aprobado una asignatura difícil. |
| Have you failed any subject this semester? | ¿Has suspendido alguna asignatura este semestre? |
Academic vocabulary
You can easily combine this tense with new vocabulary to discuss your university coursework. Regular verbs like estudiar (to study) and asistir (to attend) follow the standard -ado and -ido participle rules.
| We have studied very interesting topics this semester. | Hemos estudiado temas muy interesantes este semestre. |
| Have you all attended the tutorial this afternoon? | ¿Habéis asistido a la tutoría esta tarde? |
Accented and irregular participles
When forming participles to talk about writing essays or reading articles, keep an eye out for a few exceptions:
- The verb leer (to read) takes the regular -ido ending, but requires an accent mark on the "i" (leído) to break the vowel combination into two syllables.
- The verb escribir (to write) has a completely irregular past participle: escrito.
| This week the student has read your summary. | Esta semana el estudiante ha leído tu resumen. |
| They have written a summary of the article this week. | Ellas han escrito un resumen del artículo esta semana. |
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