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Spanish (Spain)

### Prepositions of Place with "de"

When describing where furniture and objects are located in a room, you will often use compound prepositions. In Spanish, many prepositions of place are short phrases that end with the word **de**.

Let's look at two common ones:
- **encima de**: on top of
- **debajo de**: under

Before looking at examples, remember a crucial rule: when **de** is followed by the masculine singular article **el** (the), they merge to form the contraction **del** (**de** + **el** = **del**). If the article is **la**, **los**, or **las**, there is no contraction.

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### Next to and Opposite

Two more useful prepositions that follow the exact same rules with **de** (and the **del** contraction) are:
- **al lado de**: next to
- **enfrente de**: opposite (or facing)

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### Between

To say that something is "between" objects, use the preposition **entre**. 

Notice that unlike the previous phrases, **entre** stands alone. It is *not* followed by **de**, which means you do not have to worry about any contractions with the article that comes next.

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Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
the lamp	la lámpara
on top of	encima de
The lamp is on top of the table.	La lámpara está encima de la mesa.
I see it on top of the sofa.	Lo veo encima del sofá.
the rug	la alfombra
under	debajo de
She puts the rug under the bed.	Ella pone la alfombra debajo de la cama.
the cushion	el cojín
Look for the cat under the cushion!	¡Busca el gato debajo del cojín!
the painting	el cuadro
next to	al lado de
The big painting is next to the door.	El cuadro grande está al lado de la puerta.
The boy plays next to the lamp.	El niño juega al lado de la lámpara.
opposite	enfrente de
the desk	el escritorio
There is an armchair opposite the desk.	Hay un sillón enfrente del escritorio.
My sister studies opposite the painting.	Mi hermana estudia enfrente del cuadro.
between	entre
The chair is between the table and the wardrobe.	La silla está entre la mesa y el armario.
He finds his glasses between the cushions.	Él encuentra sus gafas entre los cojines.
The dog sleeps under the desk.	El perro duerme debajo del escritorio.
The new rug is between the beds.	La alfombra nueva está entre las camas.
inside	dentro
The cat is inside the house.	El gato está dentro de la casa.
The keys are inside the handbag.	Las llaves están dentro del bolso.
It is cold, shall we eat inside?	Hace frío, ¿comemos dentro?
outside	fuera
The dog sleeps outside the house.	El perro duerme fuera de la casa.
Today it is sunny and the children play outside.	Hoy hace sol y los niños juegan fuera.
Shall we have dinner inside or outside?	¿Cenamos dentro o fuera?
against	contra
The sofa is against the wall.	El sofá está contra la pared.
She puts the bed against the wall.	Ella pone la cama contra la pared.
My brother plays tennis against my father.	Mi hermano juega al tenis contra mi padre.
the side	el lado
The shop is on the other side of the street.	La tienda está al otro lado de la calle.
On which side of the street is the bank?	¿En qué lado de la calle está el banco?
I live on the other side of the river.	Vivo al otro lado del río.
in front of	delante de
The car is in front of the house.	El coche está delante de la casa.
There is a tree in front of the window.	Hay un árbol delante de la ventana.
I will wait for you in front of the cinema.	Te espero delante del cine.
behind	detrás de
The garden is behind the house.	El jardín está detrás de la casa.
The cat sleeps behind the sofa.	El gato duerme detrás del sofá.
What is there behind the door?	¿Qué hay detrás de la puerta?
around	alrededor de
There are trees around the house.	Hay árboles alrededor de la casa.
The children run around the tree.	Los niños corren alrededor del árbol.
There are many shops around the square.	Hay muchas tiendas alrededor de la plaza.

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