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Spanish (Spain)

### Plural Subject Pronouns

When talking about or addressing a group of people, Spanish uses plural subject pronouns. Just like nouns, these pronouns have gender. If a group includes both males and females, always default to the masculine form.

- **nosotros / nosotras**: we
- **vosotros / vosotras**: you all (informal, used in Spain)
- **ellos**: they (masculine or mixed group)
- **ellas**: they (feminine only)

### Plural Forms of "Ser" (to be)

Just as the singular pronouns pair with *soy*, *eres*, and *es*, the plural pronouns each have their own matching form of the verb **ser**:

| Pronoun | Verb form | Meaning |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **nosotros / nosotras** | **somos** | we are |
| **vosotros / vosotras** | **sois** | you all are |
| **ellos / ellas** | **son** | they are |

### Plural Adjective Agreement

Before combining our new pronouns and verbs, remember that adjectives must match the subject they describe. If the subject is plural, the adjectives and nouns that follow must also be plural (usually by adding **-s** or **-es**).

Here is **nosotros somos** (we are) in action. Notice how *amigos*, *jóvenes* (young), and *fuertes* (strong) are all plural to match the subject:

{{item:1101181}}

{{item:1101184}}

In Spain, **vosotros sois** is the everyday way to say "you all are" when addressing a group directly.

{{item:1101187}}

{{item:1101188}}

Finally, use **ellos son** or **ellas son** for "they are". Pay attention to whether the group is masculine, feminine, or mixed to choose the right pronoun and matching adjective ending:

{{item:1101190}}

{{item:1101192}}

{{item:1101194}}

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
we / us (after a preposition)	nosotros
good	bueno
the friend	el amigo
We are good friends.	Nosotros somos buenos amigos.
young / young person	joven
strong / loud	fuerte
We are young and strong.	Nosotros somos jóvenes y fuertes.
you all	vosotros
the student	el estudiante
Are you all students?	¿Vosotros sois estudiantes?
You all are intelligent.	Vosotros sois inteligentes.
they (m)	ellos
They are good students.	Ellos son buenos estudiantes.
they (f)	ellas
They are young women.	Ellas son mujeres jóvenes.
or	o
Are they friends or students?	¿Son ellas amigas o estudiantes?
They are strong men.	Ellos son hombres fuertes.
We are his friends.	Nosotros somos los amigos de él.
You all are good boys.	Vosotros sois niños buenos.
They are young and strong girls.	Ellas son niñas jóvenes y fuertes.
Are they men or boys?	¿Son ellos hombres o niños?