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Spanish (Spain)

### Answering the phone

In Spain people often answer the phone with **¿Dígame?** (literally *tell me*), or just **¿Sí?**. To ask for someone, say **¿Está…?**, and whoever answered may ask **¿De parte de quién?**: *who's calling?*

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### Leaving a message: **el recado**

**El mensaje** is any message, such as a text on your phone. **El recado** is a message you leave for someone with another person: **dejar un recado**.

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### Calls, emails and adverts in the present perfect

News from today comes in the present perfect, and an object pronoun goes in front of **haber**: **ya se lo he dado**. **El email** (also **el correo electrónico**) is the everyday word for an email; **el anuncio** is an advert or an announcement.

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### Writing a letter or an email

Start with **Querido** or **Querida** + the name, or **Queridos** for several people. In Spanish the greeting is followed by a **colon**, not a comma.

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End according to how close you are:

| closing | for |
|---|---|
| **Un saludo** / **Saludos** | neutral: colleagues, people you don't know well |
| **Un abrazo** | friends (*a hug*) |
| **Un beso** / **Besos** | family and close friends |

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### At the post office

**La oficina de correos** (often just **Correos**) is where you send letters and packages.

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Phone calls and messages (¿dígame?, un recado)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
hello? (answering the phone)	¿dígame?
Hello? Hi, it's Ana.	¿Dígame? Hola, soy Ana.
Hello? Who is it?	¿Dígame? ¿Quién es?
Hello? Hi, is Carmen there?	¿Dígame? Hola, ¿está Carmen?
who's calling? (on the phone)	¿de parte de quién?
Is Pablo there? Who's calling?	¿Está Pablo? ¿De parte de quién?
Who's calling, please?	¿De parte de quién, por favor?
One moment, who's calling?	Un momento, ¿de parte de quién?
the call (on the phone)	la llamada
I have a call from my boss.	Tengo una llamada de mi jefe.
Today I have received three calls.	Hoy he recibido tres llamadas.
I have not made the call yet.	Todavía no he hecho la llamada.
Thanks for the call.	Gracias por la llamada.
the message (left for someone)	el recado
Do you want to leave a message?	¿Quiere dejar un recado?
He is not here. Shall I leave him a message?	No está. ¿Le dejo un recado?
This morning Ana has left you a message.	Esta mañana Ana te ha dejado un recado.
Have you given him the message? I have already given it to him.	¿Le has dado el recado? Ya se lo he dado.
dear (opening a letter)	querido
Dear Ana, how are you?	Querida Ana: ¿Cómo estás?
Dear Pablo, thanks for the letter.	Querido Pablo: Gracias por la carta.
Dear parents, I am very well.	Queridos padres: Estoy muy bien.
the greeting, regards	el saludo
Best wishes, Carmen.	Un saludo, Carmen.
Regards to your family.	Saludos a tu familia.
Many regards from my parents.	Muchos saludos de mis padres.
the email	el email
I have written you an email this morning.	Te he escrito un email esta mañana.
Have you already read my email?	¿Ya has leído mi email?
You have not sent me the email yet.	Todavía no me has enviado el email.
the advert, the announcement	el anuncio
Today I have seen an advert in the newspaper.	Hoy he visto un anuncio en el periódico.
We are putting up an advert to sell the car.	Ponemos un anuncio para vender el coche.
The government has made an announcement today.	El Gobierno ha hecho un anuncio hoy.
the post office	la oficina de correos
Where is the post office?	¿Dónde está la oficina de correos?
I am going to the post office to send a package.	Voy a la oficina de correos a enviar un paquete.
Today the post office is closed.	Hoy la oficina de correos está cerrada.
to charge (a phone, a battery)	cargar
I need to charge my phone.	Necesito cargar mi móvil.
Where can I charge the computer?	¿Dónde puedo cargar el ordenador?

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