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Spanish (Spain)

### Age

Spanish gives your age with **tener**, not with *ser*: you *have* years. **La edad** is the noun (age), used in forms and in formal questions.

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### Dates

A date is **el** + number + **de** + month, and months take a small letter. **La fecha de nacimiento** is the date of birth — one of the first lines on any Spanish form.

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### Address and ID

**La dirección** is the address. **El carné** is a card that identifies you — in Spain, the *carné de identidad* (the DNI) or the *carné de conducir*.

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### Marital status

**El estado civil** (marital status) is said with **estar** in everyday Spanish: *estoy casado*. The adjectives agree with the person.

| | man | woman |
|---|---|---|
| married | **casado** | casada |
| single | **soltero** | soltera |
| divorced | **divorciado** | divorciada |
| widowed | **viudo** | viuda |

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*Ser* is also possible (*soy soltera*), especially when it describes who someone is rather than their current situation.

### Birthdays

**El cumpleaños** (the birthday) is singular, with the same **-s** as the plural. On someone's birthday — or any good news — say **¡Felicidades!**

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Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
the age	la edad
What is your age?	¿Cuál es tu edad?
How old is your son?	¿Qué edad tiene tu hijo?
Age is not a problem.	La edad no es un problema.
the date	la fecha
What is today's date?	¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?
The date of the party is the twelfth of May.	La fecha de la fiesta es el doce de mayo.
the birth	el nacimiento
My date of birth is the third of January.	Mi fecha de nacimiento es el tres de enero.
I don't remember his date of birth.	No recuerdo su fecha de nacimiento.
the ID card / the licence	el carné
Do you have your ID card?	¿Tienes el carné?
My ID card is in the handbag.	Mi carné está en el bolso.
I can't find my ID card.	No encuentro mi carné.
the address	la dirección
What is your address?	¿Cuál es tu dirección?
I write the address on the letter.	Escribo la dirección en la carta.
the marital status	el estado civil
What is your marital status?	¿Cuál es tu estado civil?
married	casado
My brother is married.	Mi hermano está casado.
Are you married?	¿Estás casada?
single	soltero
My marital status is single.	Mi estado civil es soltero.
I am twenty-five and I'm single.	Tengo veinticinco años y estoy soltero.
My cousin is single.	Mi prima está soltera.
divorced	divorciado
My aunt is divorced.	Mi tía está divorciada.
They are divorced.	Ellos están divorciados.
widowed / the widower	viudo
My grandmother is a widow.	Mi abuela es viuda.
The gentleman is widowed.	El señor está viudo.
the birthday	el cumpleaños
My birthday is the twentieth of June.	Mi cumpleaños es el veinte de junio.
When is your birthday?	¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
congratulations / happy birthday	felicidades
Is it your birthday? Happy birthday!	¿Es tu cumpleaños? ¡Felicidades!
Congratulations! I am very happy.	¡Felicidades! Estoy muy contento.
the postcode	el código postal
What is your postcode?	¿Cuál es tu código postal?
I write the postcode and the address.	Escribo el código postal y la dirección.

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