Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Spanish (Spain)

### At your desk: same word, new meaning

You know **la hoja** from the tree and **la letra** from the alphabet. At a desk, both usually mean something else.

| word | the meaning you know | at your desk |
|---|---|---|
| **{{item:1252553}}** | the leaf | the sheet (of paper) |
| **{{item:1252557}}** | the letter (a, b, c) | the handwriting |

{{item:1252554}}

With *papel*, *cuaderno* or *ejercicios* around it, *una hoja* is a sheet of paper; on a tree it is a leaf.

{{item:1252558}}

In a word, *una letra* is one letter: *esta palabra tiene cinco letras*. Someone's *letra*, after *tener* or *tu*, *mi*, is usually their handwriting, and it stays singular.

{{item:1252559}}

### Ruler, glue and notes

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| **{{item:1252561}}** | the ruler |
| **{{item:1252565}}** | to stick, to glue; to paste |
| **{{item:1252569}}** | to write down, to note down |
| **{{item:1252573}}** | hardworking |

{{item:1252564}}

*La regla* is also a rule. Next to *el lápiz* and *la goma*, it is the ruler.

{{item:1252568}}

*Pegar* is to glue paper and, on a computer, to paste: *copiar y pegar*. In a positive command the pronoun joins the end, and the verb takes a written accent to keep its stress: *pega* + *la* = *pégala*.

{{item:1252570}}

*Apuntar* is to write something down so you remember it. *Trabajador* adds *-a* for a woman: *un alumno trabajador*, *una alumna trabajadora*.

Paper, ruler and handwriting (la hoja, la regla, la letra)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the sheet (of paper)	la hoja
Can you give me a sheet of paper?	¿Me das una hoja de papel?
You guys, write your name on the sheet.	Escribid vuestro nombre en la hoja.
Today the teacher has given us three exercise sheets.	Hoy la profesora nos ha dado tres hojas de ejercicios.
the handwriting	la letra
You have very good handwriting.	Tienes muy buena letra.
I can't read your handwriting.	No puedo leer tu letra.
The doctor has horrible handwriting.	El médico tiene una letra horrible.
the ruler (for measuring)	la regla
Will you lend me your ruler?	¿Me prestas tu regla?
My ruler is made of plastic.	Mi regla es de plástico.
You guys need a pencil, an eraser and a ruler.	Necesitáis un lápiz, una goma y una regla.
to stick, to glue; to paste	pegar
Glue the photo onto the sheet.	Pega la foto en la hoja.
The children stick photos in the notebook.	Los niños pegan fotos en el cuaderno.
Copy the address and paste it into the email.	Copia la dirección y pégala en el email.
to write down, to note down	apuntar
Write down the date of the exam.	Apunta la fecha del examen.
The pupils write down the homework in the notebook.	Los alumnos apuntan los deberes en el cuaderno.
Wait, I'll note it down.	Espera, lo apunto.
hardworking	trabajador
My sister is very hardworking.	Mi hermana es muy trabajadora.
He is a very hardworking pupil.	Es un alumno muy trabajador.
This school year the pupils are very hardworking.	Este curso los alumnos son muy trabajadores.

Contributors