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Spanish (Spain)

### Ordinal Numbers and Gender Agreement

Ordinal numbers tell us the order of things, like "first," "second," or "third." In Spanish, they act as adjectives and usually come *before* the noun.

Because they are adjectives, they must match the gender of the noun they describe. Usually, they end in **-o** for masculine nouns and **-a** for feminine nouns.

However, "first" (**primero**) and "third" (**tercero**) have a special rule: when they come directly before a *masculine singular* noun, they drop their final **-o** to become **primer** and **tercer**.

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When used on its own without a noun right after it, **primero** keeps its **-o**:

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For feminine nouns, they follow the normal rule and take an **-a** (**primera**, **tercera**). For all other ordinal numbers, you just use the regular **-o** or **-a** endings. 

Here are the first four ordinal numbers:
- 1st: **primero**
- 2nd: **segundo**
- 3rd: **tercero**
- 4th: **cuarto**

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### Fifth to Tenth

The rest of the ordinal numbers up to tenth follow the exact same rules for gender agreement (**-o** for masculine, **-a** for feminine):

- 5th: **quinto**
- 6th: **sexto**
- 7th: **séptimo**
- 8th: **octavo**
- 9th: **noveno**
- 10th: **décimo**

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Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
first	primero
the floor (storey)	el piso
I live on the first floor.	Vivo en el primer piso.
The blue car is the first one.	El coche azul es el primero.
second	segundo
On Tuesday I visit the second floor.	El martes visito la segunda planta.
My office is on the second floor.	Mi oficina está en la segunda planta.
third	tercero
His brother lives on the third floor of the new building.	Su hermano vive en el tercer piso del edificio nuevo.
She is the third daughter of the family.	Ella es la tercera hija de la familia.
fourth	cuarto
The fourth door on the right is the bathroom.	La cuarta puerta a la derecha es el baño.
On Friday we play the fourth match.	El viernes jugamos el cuarto partido.
fifth	quinto
My sister studies the fifth lesson.	Mi hermana estudia la quinta lección.
The fifth waiter does not have bread.	El quinto camarero no tiene pan.
sixth	sexto
There is a gym on the sixth floor.	Hay un gimnasio en la sexta planta.
June is the sixth month of the year.	Junio es el sexto mes del año.
seventh	séptimo
My mother lives in the seventh house on the street.	Mi madre vive en la séptima casa de la calle.
On Saturday I finish the seventh book.	El sábado termino el séptimo libro.
eighth	octavo
I do not want to go up to the eighth floor on foot.	No quiero subir al octavo piso a pie.
It is the eighth year that we travel to France.	Es el octavo año que viajamos a Francia.
ninth	noveno
The grandmother visits the ninth museum.	La abuela visita el noveno museo.
I do not understand the ninth question of the exam.	No comprendo la novena pregunta del examen.
tenth	décimo
Today is the tenth day of my holidays.	Hoy es el décimo día de mis vacaciones.
The tenth boy has an apple.	El décimo niño tiene una manzana.
last	último
I live on the top (last) floor.	Vivo en el último piso.
The last page of the book is very pretty.	La última página del libro es muy bonita.
December is the last month of the year.	Diciembre es el último mes del año.
My cousins arrive on the last train.	Mis primos llegan en el último tren.
January is the first month of the year.	Enero es el primer mes del año.
Today is the first day of class.	Hoy es el primer día de clase.
It is my third trip to Spain.	Es mi tercer viaje a España.
He is the first and I am the third.	Él es el primero y yo soy el tercero.

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