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Spanish (Spain)

### **Una vez que**: once

**Una vez que** says that one thing has to happen before the next can: *once*. It follows the rule of **cuando**: the subjunctive for the future, the indicative for facts and habits. You already know **una vez** + participle (*una vez terminado el trabajo*); **una vez que** takes a full verb.

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Future, so **tengáis**.

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A fact, so **llegamos**.

### **Apenas**: hardly, or as soon as

You know **apenas** as *hardly*. At the head of a time clause it means *as soon as*, like **en cuanto**, with the same choice of mood.

| *hardly* | *as soon as* |
|---|---|
| Esta semana apenas he dormido. | Apenas llegué a casa, empezó a llover. |

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A past fact: indicative, and the comma marks where the time clause ends.

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Still to come: subjunctive, exactly as with **en cuanto sepa**.

**En cuanto** is the everyday choice; **apenas** often sounds a little more formal.

### **En el momento en que**

**En el momento en que**, also **en el momento que**, is *the moment (that)*.

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**Supe** here is *I knew at once*, the preterite of **saber**.

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The results are not here yet, so **tengas**.

### Finished first: **cuando hayas terminado**

When the time clause has to be over before the main action, Spanish often uses the perfect subjunctive (**haya** + participle), like English *when you have finished*. It works with **cuando**, **en cuanto**, **una vez que**, **apenas** and **hasta que**.

{{item:1254037}}

First you finish, then you call.

{{item:1254040}}

The truth has to come out before I leave.

The present subjunctive is usually fine too (*cuando termines, llámame*); **hayas terminado** stresses that it has to be done first.

Once and as soon as (una vez que, apenas)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
once (conjunction)	una vez que
Once you sign the contract, you won't be able to change it anymore.	Una vez que firmes el contrato, ya no podrás cambiarlo.
Once you guys have the keys, you can come in whenever you want.	Una vez que tengáis las llaves, podéis entrar cuando queráis.
Once we got to the hotel, we went to sleep.	Una vez que llegamos al hotel, nos fuimos a dormir.
Once I start a series, I can't stop.	Una vez que empiezo una serie, no puedo parar.
The moment I saw her, I knew it was her.	En el momento en que la vi, supe que era ella.
The moment you have the results, let me know.	En el momento en que tengas los resultados, avísame.
Call me the moment you leave work.	Llámame en el momento en que salgas del trabajo.
The moment she opened the door, the cat escaped.	En el momento que abrió la puerta, el gato se escapó.
When you have finished, call me.	Cuando hayas terminado, llámame.
As soon as we have had dinner, we'll go out for a walk.	En cuanto hayamos cenado, salimos a dar un paseo.
Once you guys have read the report, we'll talk.	Una vez que hayáis leído el informe, hablamos.
I won't leave until you have told me the truth.	No me iré hasta que me hayas dicho la verdad.
as soon as (one word)	apenas
As soon as I got home, it started to rain.	Apenas llegué a casa, empezó a llover.
As soon as I know something, I'll call you.	Apenas sepa algo, te llamo.
As soon as the boss left, everyone stopped working.	Apenas se fue el jefe, todos dejaron de trabajar.
As soon as he sees me, my dog starts barking.	Apenas me ve, mi perro se pone a ladrar.
This week I have hardly slept.	Esta semana apenas he dormido.
As soon as you have landed, write to me.	Apenas hayas aterrizado, escríbeme.

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