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Spanish (Spain)

### Watching and reading

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| **el subtítulo** | subtitle |
| **la sección** | section (of a newspaper, a shop) |
| **actual** | current, present-day |
| **producir** | to produce |
| **la violencia** | violence |
| **ilegal** | illegal |
| **la comunicación** | communication |

Foreign films on Spanish TV are usually dubbed, so people who want the original voices look for **subtítulos**:

{{item:1252738}}

A newspaper is divided into **secciones**, and so is a big shop:

{{item:1252742}}

{{item:1252743}}

### **Actual** means current

**Actual** is a false friend: it means *current* or *present-day*, not *real*. In the same way, **actualmente** means *currently*. It has one form for both genders, like **ilegal**: *la música actual*, *el cine actual*, plural **actuales**.

{{item:1252747}}

{{item:1252746}}

### **Producir** goes like **conducir**

**Produzco**, **produces**, **produce** in the present; **produje**, **produjo** in the preterite. It is used for films and shows, and also for what a place makes or grows.

{{item:1252751}}

{{item:1252752}}

### **Comunicación** and **violencia**

Nouns ending in **-ción** and **-encia** are feminine: **la comunicación**, **la sección**, **la violencia**. You will also hear **los medios de comunicación**, *the media*.

{{item:1252755}}

{{item:1252762}}

On screen and in the paper (el subtítulo, la sección, actual)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the subtitle	el subtítulo
I watch movies in English with subtitles.	Veo las películas en inglés con subtítulos.
This documentary doesn't have subtitles.	Este documental no tiene subtítulos.
Do you guys watch movies with or without subtitles?	¿Veis las películas con o sin subtítulos?
the section (of a shop, a newspaper)	la sección
My father always reads the sports section first.	Mi padre siempre lee primero la sección de deportes.
Which section is the children's clothing in?	¿En qué sección está la ropa infantil?
Today's newspaper has a comics section.	El periódico de hoy tiene una sección de cómics.
current, present-day	actual
This program talks about current problems.	Este programa habla de los problemas actuales.
I don't like present-day music.	No me gusta la música actual.
Do you like present-day cinema?	¿Te gusta el cine actual?
to produce	producir
This network produces very good documentaries.	Esta cadena produce muy buenos documentales.
Who produced this movie?	¿Quién produjo esta película?
This area produces a lot of wine.	Esta zona produce mucho vino.
the violence	la violencia
This movie has many scenes of violence.	Esta película tiene muchas escenas de violencia.
There is a lot of violence on TV.	Hay mucha violencia en la tele.
I don't want to watch programs with violence.	No quiero ver programas con violencia.
illegal	ilegal
Watching football for free on the internet is illegal.	Ver el fútbol gratis por internet es ilegal.
Copying comics and selling them is illegal.	Copiar cómics y venderlos es ilegal.
In Spain it is illegal to smoke in bars.	En España es ilegal fumar en los bares.
the communication	la comunicación
The internet has changed communication between people.	Internet ha cambiado la comunicación entre las personas.
In my company there are communication problems.	En mi empresa hay problemas de comunicación.
Communication with my parents is very good.	La comunicación con mis padres es muy buena.

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