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Spanish (Spain)

### Nerves and calm

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| **el nervio** | nerve |
| **los nervios** | nerves, nervousness |
| **tranquilizar** | to calm down, to reassure |
| **el pensamiento** | thought |
| **la conciencia** | conscience; awareness; consciousness |
| **la presencia** | presence |
| **consigo** | with himself, herself, themselves |

In the plural, **los nervios** is usually the feeling. In the singular, **el nervio** is usually the one in your body, the one a dentist kills.

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### Calming someone down

**Tranquilizar** takes an object: you calm someone else, or something calms you. To calm yourself down, Spanish adds *se*: *tranquilízate*.

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### One word, three meanings

**La conciencia** is your conscience, your awareness of something, and your consciousness. The sentence tells you which:

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### Consigo

After **con**, the reflexive **sí** (the form after other prepositions: *para sí*) becomes **consigo**, as *mí* → *conmigo* and *ti* → *contigo*. Use it only when it points back to the subject; otherwise say *con él*, *con ella*. It often comes with **mismo**, which agrees: *consigo misma*.

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*Consigo* is also *I get*, from *conseguir*; the context tells them apart.

Nerves and thoughts (los nervios, tranquilizar, la conciencia)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the nerve (in the body); nerves (nervousness)	el nervio
Because of nerves, I couldn't sleep last night.	Por los nervios, no pude dormir anoche.
The dentist had to kill the nerve of the molar.	El dentista tuvo que matar el nervio de la muela.
In the interview, my nerves betrayed me.	En la entrevista, los nervios me traicionaron.
to calm (someone) down, to reassure	tranquilizar
The doctor reassured the family.	La médica tranquilizó a la familia.
I tried to calm her down, but she kept crying.	Intenté tranquilizarla, pero seguía llorando.
Your words reassure me a lot.	Tus palabras me tranquilizan mucho.
the thought	el pensamiento
I can't read your thoughts.	No puedo leer tus pensamientos.
At night I have negative thoughts.	Por la noche tengo pensamientos negativos.
He was so lost in his thoughts that he didn't see me.	Estaba tan perdido en sus pensamientos que no me vio.
the conscience; awareness, consciousness	la conciencia
I have a clear conscience: I haven't done anything wrong.	Tengo la conciencia tranquila: no he hecho nada malo.
He lost consciousness for a few minutes.	Perdió la conciencia durante unos minutos.
There is more and more ecological awareness.	Hay cada vez más conciencia ecológica.
with himself, with herself, with themselves (reflexive)	consigo
My grandmother talks to herself when she cooks.	Mi abuela habla consigo misma cuando cocina.
He always carries his mobile with him.	Siempre lleva el móvil consigo.
She's very angry with herself.	Está muy enfadada consigo misma.
the presence	la presencia
Her presence calms me down.	Su presencia me tranquiliza.
Don't talk about that in the presence of the children.	No hables de eso en presencia de los niños.
The contract was signed in the presence of a notary.	El contrato se firmó en presencia de un notario.

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