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### Words you know, with a second meaning

| word | the meaning you know | the new meaning |
|---|---|---|
| **la medida** | a measurement | a measure, a step someone takes |
| **la crítica** | a review | criticism |
| **la petición** | a petition | a request |
| **coincidir** | to run into someone | to agree, to share a view |
| **suspender** | to fail an exam | to suspend, to call off |
| **la resistencia** | physical endurance | resistance, opposition |

### Measures and criticism

In the news, **medidas** are usually steps a government or a city takes, and they often get **críticas**:

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With a restaurant or a movie, *una crítica* is usually a review. With a decision or a person's words, it is criticism.

### Agreeing

With a place, *coincidir* usually means meeting by chance. With an opinion, it means to agree, often as **coincidir en que**:

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### Calling things off

A student **suspende** an exam, but a judge can **suspender** a measure, and the rain can get a concert called off:

{{item:1254473}}

### Requests, and scientific

**Una petición** is not only a petition you sign: it is any request, and **a petición de** means at someone's request. After a noun, **científico** is the adjective *scientific*; *el científico* is the scientist.

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Measures, criticism and resistance (la medida, la crítica)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the measure, the step (action taken)	la medida
The government has passed new measures against pollution.	El Gobierno ha aprobado nuevas medidas contra la contaminación.
Apparently, these measures are completely useless.	Por lo visto, estas medidas no sirven para nada.
It's a necessary measure, even if nobody likes it.	Es una medida necesaria, aunque no le guste a nadie.
the criticism	la crítica
The measure has received a lot of criticism.	La medida ha recibido muchas críticas.
Your criticism seems unfair to me.	Tu crítica me parece injusta.
It's a fair criticism: the plan has a lot of problems.	Es una crítica justa: el plan tiene muchos problemas.
the resistance (opposition)	la resistencia
There is a lot of resistance to change.	Hay mucha resistencia al cambio.
The neighbors have shown a lot of resistance to the project.	Los vecinos han mostrado mucha resistencia al proyecto.
Apparently, the measure isn't going to meet resistance.	Al parecer, la medida no va a encontrar resistencia.
scientific	científico
There is no scientific proof that it works.	No hay pruebas científicas de que funcione.
According to the scientific data, the measure works.	Según los datos científicos, la medida funciona.
It's a very interesting scientific article.	Es un artículo científico muy interesante.
to agree, to concur (to share a view)	coincidir
The experts agree that the problem is serious.	Los expertos coinciden en que el problema es grave.
I agree with you: the measure is necessary.	Coincido contigo: la medida es necesaria.
Do you guys agree with me or not?	¿Coincidís conmigo o no?
to suspend, to call off (an event)	suspender
The judge has suspended the measure.	El juez ha suspendido la medida.
They have called off the concert because of the rain.	Han suspendido el concierto por la lluvia.
the request	la petición
They have accepted our request.	Han aceptado nuestra petición.
I have a request: can you guys speak more quietly?	Tengo una petición: ¿podéis hablar más bajo?
At the neighbors' request, they have changed the measure.	A petición de los vecinos, han cambiado la medida.

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