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Spanish (Spain)

### Making something happen: **hacer que**

You know **hacer** + infinitive (*Me hizo reír*). When the cause is a thing or an event, Spanish often says **hacer que** + subjunctive instead. Like **pedir que** or **querer que**, **hacer que** is a verb of influence: what it brings about goes into the subjunctive, even when it really happened. Present subjunctive after a present, imperfect subjunctive after a past.

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The music is the cause; **me sienta** is the effect, in the present subjunctive.

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**Hizo** is past, so **cancelaran**, although the concert really was cancelled.

### Getting someone to do it: **conseguir que**, **lograr que**

**Conseguir** and **lograr** + infinitive mean *to manage to*: you do it yourself. With **que** + subjunctive you get *someone else* to do it.

| you do it | someone else does it |
|---|---|
| Logré aprobar. | Logré que mi hermano aprobara. |
| Conseguí entrar. | Conseguí que me dejaran entrar. |

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*They* gave the money back; *I* made it happen.

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Both halves of the table in one sentence.

### Causing: **provocar que**

**Provocar que** (*to cause*) is common on the news and when you talk about consequences.

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The accident is the cause, the closure the effect.

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With a person as the cause, **hacer que** works too: *hizo que todos se rieran*.

### Common mistakes

- *La lluvia hizo que cancelaron el concierto* → **hizo que cancelaran**.
- *Conseguí que entrar* → **Conseguí entrar** (you) or **Conseguí que entraran** (them).

Making things happen (hacer que, conseguir que)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
The rain made them cancel the concert.	La lluvia hizo que cancelaran el concierto.
This music makes me feel better.	Esta música hace que me sienta mejor.
My grandfather always made us feel at home.	Mi abuelo siempre hacía que nos sintiéramos en casa.
The heat makes us all sleep badly.	El calor hace que todos durmamos mal.
I got them to give me back the money.	Conseguí que me devolvieran el dinero.
How do you get the kids to go to bed early?	¿Cómo consigues que los niños se acuesten temprano?
We couldn't get the owner to fix the heating.	No conseguimos que el dueño arreglara la calefacción.
The teacher managed to get everyone to pass.	El profesor logró que todos aprobaran.
I want to get my students to enjoy reading.	Quiero lograr que mis alumnos disfruten leyendo.
Her lawyer got them to set her free.	Su abogado logró que la dejaran en libertad.
I managed to pass, but I couldn't get my brother to pass.	Logré aprobar, pero no logré que mi hermano aprobara.
The accident caused them to close the highway.	El accidente provocó que cerraran la autopista.
His comment caused everyone to laugh.	Su comentario provocó que todos se rieran.
High prices have caused people to buy less.	Los precios altos han provocado que la gente compre menos.

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