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Spanish (Spain)

### Some or Any

To talk about unspecified quantities, use **alguno** (some, any) and its negative counterpart **ninguno** (none, no, not any).

Like adjectives, these determiners agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.

### Dropping the "O"

When **alguno** and **ninguno** are placed directly before a **masculine singular noun**, they drop their final **-o** and gain an accent mark, becoming **algún** and **ningún**.

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### Feminine and Plural Forms

When modifying a feminine noun, use the regular forms **alguna** and **ninguna**. Nothing is dropped.

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For multiple things, use the plural forms **algunos** and **algunas**.

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*(Note: Plural forms of **ninguno** are rarely used, because Spanish treats "none" as singular.)*

### Double Negatives

As with *nada* and *nadie*, Spanish requires a double negative when using **ningún** or **ninguna** after a verb. You must place **no** before the verb.

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### Putting It All Together

Pay attention to the gender of your nouns to choose between the regular feminine forms and the shortened masculine forms.

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Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
some, any	alguno
the plan	el plan
Do you have any plans for this weekend?	¿Tienes algún plan para este fin de semana?
none, no, not any	ninguno
I do not have any plans.	No tengo ningún plan.
the doubt	la duda
Do you have any doubts?	¿Tenéis alguna duda?
No, we do not have any doubts.	No, no tenemos ninguna duda.
the mistake	el error
There is some mistake in the document.	Hay algún error en el documento.
serious (severe)	grave
But it is no serious mistake.	Pero no es ningún error grave.
He does not see any problem.	Él no ve ningún problema.
Are you looking for any hotel?	¿Estás buscando algún hotel?
The boss is not looking for any problem.	La jefa no está buscando ningún problema.
the option	la opción
We want to find some options.	Queremos encontrar algunas opciones.
There is no good option here.	No hay ninguna opción buena aquí.
the risk	el riesgo
Is there any serious risk?	¿Hay algún riesgo grave?
We want to travel without any risk.	Queremos viajar sin ningún riesgo.
She wants to make some plans with the family.	Ella quiere hacer algunos planes con la familia.
The grandmother is looking for some gift.	La abuela está buscando algún regalo.
My brother is reading some important document.	Mi hermano está leyendo algún documento importante.
the reason (motive)	el motivo
the suggestion	la sugerencia
Do you have any reason or any suggestion for the plan?	¿Tienes algún motivo o alguna sugerencia para el plan?
She does not have any reason or any suggestion.	Ella no tiene ningún motivo ni ninguna sugerencia.
several	varios
I have several plans for the weekend.	Tengo varios planes para el fin de semana.
There are several errors in the document.	Hay varios errores en el documento.
any (at all)	cualquiera
Which book do you want? Any one.	¿Qué libro quieres? Cualquiera.
We can go any day.	Podemos ir cualquier día.
the person	la persona
Several people are waiting for the bus.	Varias personas están esperando el autobús.
Any person can learn Spanish.	Cualquier persona puede aprender español.
Is there any sick person in the office?	¿Hay alguna persona enferma en la oficina?
My sister is a very nice person.	Mi hermana es una persona muy simpática.

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