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Spanish (Spain)

### Measure + **de** + food

To say how much of something you want, put the measure first, then **de**, then the food with no article: **un kilo de tomates**, **un litro de leche**, **cien gramos de queso**.

| measure | example | in English |
|---|---|---|
| **el gramo** | doscientos gramos de queso | 200 grams of cheese |
| el kilo | un kilo de naranjas | a kilo of oranges |
| **el litro** | un litro de leche | a liter of milk |
| **la docena** | una docena de huevos | a dozen eggs |
| **la lata** | una lata de atún | a tin of tuna |
| **la barra** | una barra de pan | a baguette |

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### Half: **medio** and **la mitad**

In front of a measure, *half a* is simply **medio** or **media** — never *un medio*: **medio kilo**, **medio litro**, **media docena**. On its own, *the half* is **la mitad**, followed by **de**.

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A common mistake is to copy English *half of*: Spanish says **la mitad de la clase**, with **la**, but **medio kilo**, with nothing in front.

### Pieces and parts

**Un trozo** is a piece cut or broken off something — of bread, cheese or tortilla. **La parte** is a part of a whole: of a city, of a house, of the money.

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### **La barra** and **la lista**

In Spain, bread is bought by the **barra** — the long loaf you might call a baguette. In a bar, **la barra** is the counter: a coffee **en la barra** is quick, and often cheaper than at a table. Before you go to the shops, write **una lista**; the shopping list is **la lista de la compra**.

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How much? Quantities (un litro, media docena)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the gram	el gramo
One hundred grams of cheese, please.	Cien gramos de queso, por favor.
Can I have two hundred grams of chorizo?	¿Me pone doscientos gramos de chorizo?
For the recipe I need five hundred grams of rice.	Para la receta necesito quinientos gramos de arroz.
the liter	el litro
I buy a liter of milk.	Compro un litro de leche.
I drink two liters of water every day.	Bebo dos litros de agua todos los días.
I need half a liter of oil.	Necesito medio litro de aceite.
the dozen	la docena
A dozen eggs, please.	Una docena de huevos, por favor.
I buy half a dozen eggs.	Compro media docena de huevos.
A dozen oranges costs three euros.	Una docena de naranjas cuesta tres euros.
the tin, the can	la lata
I need two tins of tomato.	Necesito dos latas de tomate.
Anything else? Yes, a tin of tuna.	¿Algo más? Sí, una lata de atún.
There are three tins of tuna in the kitchen.	Hay tres latas de atún en la cocina.
The can is empty.	La lata está vacía.
the baguette, the counter (in a bar)	la barra
A baguette, please.	Una barra de pan, por favor.
Can I have two baguettes?	¿Me pone dos barras de pan?
We have a coffee at the counter.	Tomamos un café en la barra.
the half	la mitad
Half of the Spanish omelette is for you.	La mitad de la tortilla es para ti.
I'll give you half.	Te doy la mitad.
Half of the class doesn't eat meat.	La mitad de la clase no come carne.
the piece, the bit	el trozo
Do you want a piece of Spanish omelette?	¿Quieres un trozo de tortilla?
Cut the bread into three pieces.	Corta el pan en tres trozos.
I eat a piece of chocolate.	Como un trozo de chocolate.
the part	la parte
Part of the money is for my sister.	Una parte del dinero es para mi hermana.
Which part of the city do you like?	¿Qué parte de la ciudad te gusta?
This part of the house is very cold.	Esta parte de la casa es muy fría.
the list	la lista
The list is on the table.	La lista está en la mesa.
What is on the list?	¿Qué hay en la lista?
I write a list: milk, bread and eggs.	Escribo una lista: leche, pan y huevos.
the meter (unit of length)	el metro
I run eight hundred meters every day.	Corro ochocientos metros todos los días.
There are a hundred meters between my house and the metro.	Entre mi casa y el metro hay cien metros.

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