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Spanish (Spain)

### Around the flat

Besides *el salón*, *la cocina* and *el dormitorio*, many Spanish flats have **el comedor** (the dining room) and **el balcón** (the balcony). In the kitchen you find **el frigorífico** (the fridge) and often **la lavadora** (the washing machine).

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**La tele** is the everyday short form of *la televisión* — it stays feminine, like *la foto*.

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### Housework with **hay que**

**Hay que** + infinitive says what has to be done, without saying who does it. Spanish *puts on* the washing machine with **poner**:

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### Renting and sharing

Young people in Spain often live with their parents until about thirty; when they leave, most rent: they pay **el alquiler** (the rent) and often live with a **compañero de piso** (a flatmate). The feminine is regular: *mi compañera de piso*.

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**Las afueras** (the outskirts) is always plural: *vivo en las afueras*.

### Where is it?

| word | meaning |
|---|---|
| **arriba** | upstairs, up |
| **abajo** | downstairs, down |
| **al fondo** | at the end, at the back |

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Add **de** to say *of what*: *al fondo de la calle*, *los vecinos de abajo* (the neighbors downstairs).

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Home and housework (la lavadora, el balcón)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the balcony	el balcón
The flat has a small balcony.	El piso tiene un balcón pequeño.
On the balcony there are a lot of flowers.	En el balcón hay muchas flores.
My grandmother reads the newspaper on the balcony.	Mi abuela lee el periódico en el balcón.
the fridge	el frigorífico
The milk is in the fridge.	La leche está en el frigorífico.
There is nothing in the fridge.	No hay nada en el frigorífico.
One must clean the fridge.	Hay que limpiar el frigorífico.
the dining room	el comedor
We eat in the dining room.	Comemos en el comedor.
The dining room table is new.	La mesa del comedor es nueva.
The dining room is next to the kitchen.	El comedor está al lado de la cocina.
the washing machine	la lavadora
One must put the washing machine on.	Hay que poner la lavadora.
The washing machine is in the kitchen.	La lavadora está en la cocina.
The washing machine is broken.	La lavadora está rota.
the telly	la tele
My children watch the telly in the living room.	Mis hijos ven la tele en el salón.
I don't watch the telly much.	No veo mucho la tele.
What is on the telly today?	¿Qué hay en la tele hoy?
the rent	el alquiler
The rent is very expensive in the center.	El alquiler es muy caro en el centro.
How much is the rent?	¿Cuánto es el alquiler?
One must pay the rent today.	Hay que pagar el alquiler hoy.
the flatmate	el compañero de piso
I live with two flatmates.	Vivo con dos compañeros de piso.
My flatmate works in a hospital.	Mi compañera de piso trabaja en un hospital.
My flatmate never cleans the kitchen.	Mi compañero de piso nunca limpia la cocina.
upstairs, up	arriba
The bedrooms are upstairs.	Los dormitorios están arriba.
The children are playing upstairs.	Los niños están jugando arriba.
Come up, I am upstairs.	Sube, estoy arriba.
downstairs, down	abajo
The kitchen is downstairs.	La cocina está abajo.
The neighbors downstairs make a lot of noise.	Los vecinos de abajo hacen mucho ruido.
I'll wait for you downstairs.	Te espero abajo.
the outskirts	las afueras
We live on the outskirts of Madrid.	Vivimos en las afueras de Madrid.
On the outskirts the rent is cheap.	En las afueras el alquiler es barato.
My grandparents' house is on the outskirts.	La casa de mis abuelos está en las afueras.
at the end, at the back	al fondo
The bathroom is at the end, on the right.	El baño está al fondo, a la derecha.
My room is at the end.	Mi habitación está al fondo.
At the end of the street there is a park.	Al fondo de la calle hay un parque.
the doorbell	el timbre
Someone is ringing the doorbell.	Alguien llama al timbre.
The doorbell is broken.	El timbre está roto.

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