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Spanish (Spain)

### On the pitch

| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| **sustituir a alguien** | to substitute, to stand in for someone |
| **dar una patada (a)** | to kick, literally to give a kick |
| **el orgullo** | the pride |
| **la capacidad** | the capacity, the ability |
| **determinar** | to determine |
| **implicar** | to imply, to entail |
| **decente** | decent |

**Sustituir** takes the personal **a** before a person, and **a + el** becomes **al**. Like **construir**, it adds a **y** in some forms: **sustituyo, sustituyó**.

The subject can be the one who makes the change, like a coach:

{{item:1253598}}

Or it can be the stand-in, who takes someone's place:

{{item:1253600}}

Spanish usually kicks with a noun: **dar una patada**. What gets the kick follows **a**, and a **le** often goes before the verb too:

{{item:1253602}}

### Pride and capacity

**Con orgullo** is *with pride*, a common pairing for teams and fans.

{{item:1253606}}

**Tener capacidad para** + a number says how many people a place holds. With **de** + a noun, **la capacidad** is usually an ability:

{{item:1253609}}

{{item:1253610}}

### What it entails, what it decides

**Implicar** + infinitive says what something involves: the price you pay for it.

{{item:1253618}}

**Determinar** sounds formal, the word of sports reports and referees:

{{item:1253612}}

Football: substitutes, kicks and pride (sustituir, la patada, el orgullo)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
to substitute, to stand in for	sustituir
The coach substituted the goalkeeper in the eightieth minute.	El entrenador sustituyó al portero en el minuto ochenta.
No one can substitute for our captain.	Nadie puede sustituir a nuestro capitán.
My sister stands in for the coach when he's sick.	Mi hermana sustituye al entrenador cuando está enfermo.
the kick	la patada
The player gave the ball a kick.	El jugador le dio una patada al balón.
They gave him a kick in the knee.	Le dieron una patada en la rodilla.
the pride	el orgullo
This team is the pride of the neighborhood.	Este equipo es el orgullo del barrio.
We lost, but we played with pride.	Perdimos, pero jugamos con orgullo.
The fans sing with pride.	Los aficionados cantan con orgullo.
the capacity (how many fit; ability to do something)	la capacidad
The stadium has capacity for forty thousand people.	El estadio tiene capacidad para cuarenta mil personas.
This player has a great capacity for work.	Este jugador tiene una gran capacidad de trabajo.
to determine	determinar
This match is going to determine who wins the championship.	Este partido va a determinar quién gana el campeonato.
The referee couldn't determine whether it was a goal.	El árbitro no pudo determinar si era gol.
decent	decente
We've finally played a decent match.	Por fin hemos jugado un partido decente.
We need a decent goalkeeper.	Necesitamos un portero decente.
to imply, to entail	implicar
Playing on this team entails training every day.	Jugar en este equipo implica entrenar todos los días.
Winning the tournament entails defeating very strong rivals.	Ganar el torneo implica derrotar a rivales muy fuertes.
What does that imply for the team?	¿Qué implica eso para el equipo?

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