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Spanish (Spain)

### Reacting with Nouns

When you want to react strongly to a situation in Spanish, you can use **¡qué!** followed directly by a noun. While in English we often say "what a..." (like "what a pity!"), in Spanish you skip the article completely. Do not forget the inverted exclamation mark (**¡**) at the beginning!

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### Reacting with Adjectives

You can also use **¡qué!** with an adjective to express how you feel about something or someone. This is similar to saying "how..." in English (like "how strange!").

When reacting to a specific person or thing, remember that the adjective must agree in gender and number with whoever or whatever you are reacting to.

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### Everyday Exclamations

You will hear these exclamatory phrases all the time in everyday conversations. Whether something is a disaster (**un desastre**) or a wonder (**una maravilla**), starting with **¡qué!** is the most natural way to express your surprise, frustration, or delight.

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Exclamations (¡qué...!)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
the luck	la suerte
What luck! You have the ticket.	¡Qué suerte! Tienes el billete.
The grandfather is eighty years old, what luck!	El abuelo tiene ochenta años, ¡qué suerte!
the pity	la pena
What a pity! You cannot come.	¡Qué pena! No puedes venir.
It is a very sad story, what a pity!	Es una historia muy triste, ¡qué pena!
the disaster	el desastre
What a disaster! The kitchen is very dirty.	¡Qué desastre! La cocina está muy sucia.
My coworker is a disaster.	Mi compañero de trabajo es un desastre.
the fright	el susto
What a fright! That dog is very dangerous.	¡Qué susto! Ese perro es muy peligroso.
I am very afraid, what a fright!	Tengo mucho miedo, ¡qué susto!
the mess	el lío
What a mess! I do not understand the problem.	¡Qué lío! No entiendo el problema.
Your room is a mess, clean it!	Tu habitación es un lío, ¡límpiala!
strange	raro
How strange! She never eats meat.	¡Qué raro! Ella nunca come carne.
The blue jacket is a bit strange.	La chaqueta azul es un poco rara.
great	genial
How great! I like to swim.	¡Qué genial! Me gusta nadar.
The new book is great, buy it!	El libro nuevo es genial, ¡cómpralo!
annoying / tedious, heavy-going	pesado
How annoying you are! You always talk a lot.	¡Qué pesada! Siempre hablas mucho.
The neighbor is very annoying.	El vecino es muy pesado.
horrible	horrible
How horrible! The restaurant is dirty.	¡Qué horrible! El restaurante está sucio.
The hospital food is horrible.	La comida del hospital es horrible.
the wonder	la maravilla
What a wonder! Spain is very beautiful.	¡Qué maravilla! España es muy bonita.
That city is a wonder, visit it!	Esa ciudad es una maravilla, ¡visítala!
cute	mono
Your daughter is so cute!	¡Qué mona es tu hija!
This dress is very cute.	Este vestido es muy mono.

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