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Spanish (Spain)

You already know that we use **estar** for the physical location of people, places, and things (like *el astronauta está en la base*). However, there is one major exception to this rule.

When talking about an **event**—such as a meeting, a drill, or a launch—use **ser** to say both *where* and *when* it happens. In these cases, *ser* effectively means "to take place" or "to be held".

### The time of an event

Whenever you state the time or day an event is taking place, use **ser**.

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### The location of an event

Even though you are talking about a location, you must use **ser** instead of **estar** because the subject is an event rather than a physical object.

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### Time and location

Whether you are stating the time of an event, the location, or both at once, **ser** is your go-to verb.

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Event locations and times (ser)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
informative	informativo
The informative session is in the main room.	La sesión informativa es en la sala principal.
the drill (practice)	el simulacro
Is the drill today after the informative session?	¿El simulacro es hoy después de la sesión informativa?
It is here where the meeting is.	Es aquí donde es la reunión.
the astronaut	la astronauta
the countdown	la cuenta atrás
The female astronaut says that the countdown is at twelve.	La astronauta dice que la cuenta atrás es a las doce.
the landing	el aterrizaje
lunar	lunar
For me, the lunar landing is something very dangerous.	Para mí, el aterrizaje lunar es algo muy peligroso.
the module	el módulo
The module's landing is in the ocean.	El aterrizaje del módulo es en el océano.
to orbit	orbitar
The module has orbited the planet before the drill.	El módulo ha orbitado el planeta antes del simulacro.
the astronaut	el astronauta
Has the male astronaut orbited the lunar base yet?	¿El astronauta ya ha orbitado la base lunar?
The meeting with the male astronaut is in the module.	La reunión con el astronauta es en el módulo.
The female astronaut has lived here for a month.	Hace un mes que la astronauta vive aquí.
the takeoff	el despegue
The lunar takeoff drill is tomorrow.	El simulacro del despegue lunar es mañana.
The launch is in Spain and the countdown is tomorrow.	El despegue es en España y la cuenta atrás es mañana.
the function; the show (performance)	la función
The show is at eight in the theater.	La función es a las ocho en el teatro.
What function does this module have?	¿Qué función tiene este módulo?
the crew	la tripulación
The crew is in the lunar module.	La tripulación está en el módulo lunar.
The meeting with the crew is tomorrow.	La reunión con la tripulación es mañana.
the press conference	la rueda de prensa
The astronaut's press conference is at ten.	La rueda de prensa del astronauta es a las diez.
Where is the press conference? At the base?	¿Dónde es la rueda de prensa? ¿En la base?

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