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### Evaluative exclamations with the present subjunctive

When experiencing local customs or neighborhood traditions, you will often want to react emotionally to what is happening around you. To exclaim your feelings about a situation, use the structure **¡Qué** + adjective or noun + **que...**, followed by a verb in the subjunctive.

Because these exclamations express a subjective emotional reaction or an evaluation rather than simply stating an objective fact, they trigger the subjunctive mood.

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### Evaluative exclamations with the past subjunctive

If you are evaluating or reacting to something that already happened—like a past festival or an event you attended yesterday—you will use the exact same exclamation structure, but the verb following **que** must be in the imperfect subjunctive.

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Evaluative exclamations (¡Qué... que...!)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the bell	la campana
the opening speech	el pregón
How strange that the bell does not ring before the opening speech!	¡Qué raro que la campana no suene antes del pregón!
the open-air festival	la verbena
They say that the neighbors are organizing an open-air festival; how wonderful that the whole neighborhood participates!	Dicen que las vecinas organizan una verbena; ¡qué maravilla que participe todo el barrio!
the brass band	la charanga
What a disaster that the brass band played so badly during the open-air festival!	¡Qué desastre que la charanga tocara tan mal durante la verbena!
the offering	la ofrenda
the saint	el santo
What a shame that the grandfather didn't bring the offering for the saint yesterday!	¡Qué pena que el abuelo no trajera la ofrenda para el santo ayer!
the procession	la procesión
How beautiful that the procession goes through the narrow streets!	¡Qué bonito que la procesión pase por las calles estrechas!
the chapel	la ermita
How lucky that they open the old chapel and not the stone one!	¡Qué suerte que abran la ermita antigua y no la de piedra!
the pilgrimage	la romería
What a surprise that the town goes to the pilgrimage!	¡Qué sorpresa que el pueblo vaya a la romería!
The opening speech is tomorrow; they say that the chapel's bell is broken.	El pregón es mañana; dicen que la campana de la ermita está rota.
How dangerous that the brass band goes behind the procession!	¡Qué peligroso que la charanga vaya detrás de la procesión!
deep-rooted	arraigado
The pilgrimage to the chapel is a very deep-rooted tradition.	La romería a la ermita es una tradición muy arraigada.
My aunt leaves the offering for the saint; what a joy that she participates!	Mi tía deja la ofrenda para el santo; ¡qué alegría que participe!
My brother's offering is the flower one; how lucky that you like it!	La ofrenda de mi hermano es la de flores; ¡qué suerte que te guste!
What a pity that that prejudice is so deep-rooted!	¡Qué lástima que ese prejuicio esté tan arraigado!
the fireworks	los fuegos artificiales
How lovely that they end the open-air festival with fireworks!	¡Qué bonito que terminen la verbena con fuegos artificiales!
The fireworks begin at twelve.	Los fuegos artificiales empiezan a las doce.

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