Expressing Cause with "por" + Infinitive
When you need to explain the reason why an action was taken—especially when discussing penalties, fines, or broken rules—you can use the preposition por followed directly by a simple infinitive. This translates closely to "for doing" something in English.
| They are going to sanction me for parking badly. | Me van a sancionar por aparcar mal. |
| Many fines are given for violating the rules. | Se ponen muchas multas por infringir las normas. |
Emphasizing the Past: "por" + Compound Infinitive
To explicitly highlight that the causal action was fully completed before the consequence occurred, use a compound infinitive. You form this with por + haber + a past participle (like excedido or llegado). It translates to "for having done" something.
| They have sanctioned him for having exceeded the speed limit. | Lo han sancionado por haber excedido el límite de velocidad. |
| They are going to reprimand her for having arrived so late. | La van a amonestar por haber llegado tan tarde. |
| He has received a huge sanction for having insulted the referee. | Ha recibido una sanción enorme por haber insultado al árbitro. |
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