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Spanish (Spain)

### Starting the Day

Expand your daily vocabulary with common meals and ingredients. Let's start with **el desayuno** (breakfast).

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Common items include **el huevo** (egg), **el tomate** (tomato), and **la patata** (potato). These nouns easily follow verbs you already know, like *querer* (to want) and *cocinar* (to cook).

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### Fish and Rice

When talking about fish as food, use **el pescado**. This comes from the verb *pescar* (to fish) and distinguishes it from a live fish swimming in the water, which is called a *pez*.

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Combine it with **el arroz** (rice) for a classic pairing.

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### Drinks

Talk about beverages using **el vino** (wine) and **la cerveza** (beer) alongside verbs like **beber** (to drink).

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### Fruits, Vegetables, and Preferences

Round out your grocery list with **la fruta** (fruit) and **la verdura** (vegetable). 

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When talking about foods you like or dislike in general, Spanish requires the definite article (**el**, **la**, **los**, or **las**). 

Remember that **gustar** matches the thing being liked, not the person eating it. Use **gusta** for singular items and **gustan** for plurals.

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Basic Food and Drink

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
the breakfast	el desayuno
I am preparing breakfast.	Estoy preparando el desayuno.
the egg	el huevo
Do you want an egg for breakfast?	¿Quieres un huevo para el desayuno?
The man is eating two eggs.	El hombre está comiendo dos huevos.
the tomato	el tomate
Do you like tomatoes?	¿Te gustan los tomates?
the potato	la patata
We are cooking the potatoes and the tomatoes.	Estamos cocinando las patatas y los tomates.
the fish	el pescado
I do not eat meat, I prefer fish.	No como carne, prefiero el pescado.
the rice	el arroz
We always eat rice with fish.	Siempre comemos arroz con pescado.
the wine	el vino
Sir, do you want to drink wine?	Señor, ¿quiere beber vino?
I am buying the wine for the party.	Estoy comprando el vino para la fiesta.
the beer	la cerveza
Do you guys like beer?	¿Os gusta la cerveza?
They are drinking cold beer.	Ellos están bebiendo cerveza fría.
the fruit	la fruta
You eat a lot of fruit.	Comes mucha fruta.
The apple is a fruit.	La manzana es una fruta.
the vegetable	la verdura
We are buying the fruit and the vegetables.	Estamos comprando la fruta y las verduras.
I do not like vegetables.	No me gustan las verduras.
I want rice with potatoes.	Quiero arroz con patatas.
the Spanish omelette	la tortilla
The Spanish omelette has egg and potato.	La tortilla tiene huevo y patata.
I like potato omelette.	Me gusta la tortilla de patatas.
I drink neither wine nor beer.	No bebo vino ni cerveza.
I eat neither meat nor fish.	No como carne ni pescado.
the sandwich (baguette)	el bocadillo
I am eating a cheese sandwich.	Como un bocadillo de queso.
The tomato sandwich is very good.	El bocadillo de tomate es muy bueno.
the hamburger	la hamburguesa
Do you want a hamburger?	¿Quieres una hamburguesa?
The boy is eating a hamburger with chips.	El niño come una hamburguesa con patatas.
the tea	el té
I drink a tea with milk.	Bebo un té con leche.
The tea is very hot.	El té está muy caliente.
the red wine	el tinto
I'd like a red wine, please.	Quiero un tinto, por favor.
The house red is good.	El tinto de la casa es bueno.

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