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Spanish (Spain)

### Shops ending in **-ería**

Spanish names many small shops after what they sell, with the ending **-ería**. They are all feminine.

| they sell | the shop |
|---|---|
| el pan | **la panadería** (the bakery) |
| la carne | **la carnicería** (the butcher's) |
| la fruta | **la frutería** (the greengrocer's) |

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### At the counter

The person who serves you is **el dependiente** — a woman is **la dependienta**. You ask with **¿Me pone…?** when they serve or weigh it for you and **¿Me da…?** for almost anything, the assistant asks **¿Algo más?** (anything else?), and you finish with **Nada más** and **¿Cuánto es?**

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### **¿Cuánto vale?**

**Valer** means *to be worth*, and in a shop it is the everyday way to ask a price: **¿cuánto vale?** means the same as **¿cuánto cuesta?** Only the yo form is irregular (**valgo**); the rest is regular: **vale**, **valen**.

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### **Me lo llevo**

When you decide to buy something, say **me lo llevo** — *I'll take it*. **Llevarse** is **llevar** with a reflexive pronoun, and the object pronoun sits in between: **me lo llevo**, **me la llevo**, **¿se lo lleva?**

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### Paying and carrying

At the till **la bolsa** often costs a few cents — it is not always **gratis** (free). Cash comes from **el cajero automático**, and in January and July the shops have **las rebajas**, the sales. **La compra** is what you buy: one purchase, or the whole week's food shopping.

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At the shops (la panadería, ¿cuánto vale?)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the bakery	la panadería
I buy the bread at the bakery.	Compro el pan en la panadería.
The bakery opens at seven.	La panadería abre a las siete.
The bakery is opposite the bank.	La panadería está enfrente del banco.
the butcher's	la carnicería
I buy the meat at the butcher's.	Compro la carne en la carnicería.
The butcher's is closed on Sundays.	La carnicería está cerrada los domingos.
At the butcher's they sell chorizo and beef.	En la carnicería venden chorizo y ternera.
the greengrocer's	la frutería
At the greengrocer's the oranges are cheap.	En la frutería las naranjas son baratas.
I am going to the greengrocer's to buy bananas.	Voy a la frutería a comprar plátanos.
The fruit from this greengrocer's is very fresh.	La fruta de esta frutería es muy fresca.
the shop assistant	el dependiente
The shop assistant helps me.	El dependiente me ayuda.
The shop assistant is very nice.	La dependienta es muy simpática.
I ask the shop assistant the price.	Le pregunto el precio al dependiente.
to be worth, to cost	valer
How much is this bread?	¿Cuánto vale este pan?
The apples cost two euros a kilo.	Las manzanas valen dos euros el kilo.
This handbag is worth a lot of money.	Este bolso vale mucho dinero.
nothing else, that's all	nada más
Anything else? Nothing else. How much is everything?	¿Algo más? Nada más. ¿Cuánto vale todo?
to take (buy in a shop); to take away, to carry off	llevarse
I'll take it.	Me lo llevo.
Are you taking it, madam?	¿Se lo lleva, señora?
I'll take these shoes.	Me llevo estos zapatos.
We'll take two kilos of oranges.	Nos llevamos dos kilos de naranjas.
the bag (plastic, shopping)	la bolsa
Do you want a bag?	¿Quiere una bolsa?
I don't need a bag, thanks.	No necesito bolsa, gracias.
The bag is full of fruit.	La bolsa está llena de fruta.
Can you give me a bag, please?	¿Me da una bolsa, por favor?
free (no charge)	gratis
The bag is free.	La bolsa es gratis.
Is it free? No, it costs one euro.	¿Es gratis? No, vale un euro.
On Tuesdays the museum is free.	Los martes el museo es gratis.
the sales (seasonal discounts)	las rebajas
In January there are sales.	En enero hay rebajas.
I buy clothes in the sales.	Compro ropa en las rebajas.
The sales begin in July.	Las rebajas empiezan en julio.
the purchase / the shopping	la compra
This purchase is very expensive.	Esta compra es muy cara.
I carry the shopping home.	Llevo la compra a casa.
Will you help me with the shopping?	¿Me ayudas con la compra?
the cash machine	el cajero automático
Is there a cash machine around here?	¿Hay un cajero automático por aquí?
I take out money from the cash machine.	Saco dinero del cajero automático.
The cash machine is broken.	El cajero automático está roto.
the banknote	el billete
I'm paying with a twenty-euro note.	Pago con un billete de veinte euros.
The cash machine only gives out fifty-euro notes.	El cajero automático solo da billetes de cincuenta.
The waiter takes the plates away.	El camarero se lleva los platos.
The wind carries the leaves away.	El viento se lleva las hojas.
A kilo of oranges, nothing else.	Un kilo de naranjas, nada más.
Anything else, madam? No, that's all, thanks.	¿Algo más, señora? No, nada más, gracias.

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