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Spanish (Spain)

### A trip to the spa

To set the mood for this lesson, let's look at some vocabulary for unwinding at the wellness center. You will often use the reflexive verb **relajarse** to talk about relaxing.

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### Forming adverbs with -mente

Adverbs of manner describe *how* an action is performed, much like words ending in "-ly" in English. In Spanish, these are usually formed by adding **-mente** to an adjective.

If the adjective ends in **-o**, first change it to the feminine form (**-a**), then add **-mente**. For example, *tranquilo* (calm) becomes **tranquilamente** (calmly), and *lento* (slow) becomes **lentamente** (slowly).

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### Adjectives ending in -e or a consonant

If the adjective ends in an **-e** or a consonant, you don't need to change its ending. Just add **-mente** directly to the adjective. 

For example, **suave** (soft) simply becomes **suavemente** (softly).

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### Keeping the accent marks

If the original adjective has a written accent mark, the new adverb keeps the accent in the exact same place! 

Remember to still change **-o** to **-a** if necessary before adding **-mente**, such as with *cómodo* -> **cómodamente** (comfortably) and *rápido* -> **rápidamente** (quickly).

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### A false friend: **actualmente**

**Actualmente** means *currently, nowadays*, never *actually*: *Actualmente vivo en Valencia* (I live in Valencia now). For *actually*, Spanish says **en realidad**.

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
the spa	el spa
We always go to the spa to rest.	Siempre vamos al spa para descansar.
the massage	el masaje
I love massages!	¡Me encantan los masajes!
I start to give a massage.	Empiezo a dar un masaje.
to relax	relajarse
The client wants to relax here.	El cliente quiere relajarse aquí.
We do not relax in the office.	No nos relajamos en la oficina.
calmly	tranquilamente
The woman breathes calmly.	La mujer respira tranquilamente.
They finish eating calmly.	Terminan de comer tranquilamente.
slowly	lentamente
You walk slowly through the garden.	Caminas lentamente por el jardín.
I always drink the tea slowly.	Siempre bebo el té lentamente.
soft	suave
The towel is very soft.	La toalla es muy suave.
They like soft massages.	Les gustan los masajes suaves.
softly	suavemente
The nurse cleans his face softly.	El enfermero le limpia la cara suavemente.
Sometimes he speaks softly.	A veces él habla suavemente.
comfortably	cómodamente
I read comfortably on the sofa.	Leo cómodamente en el sofá.
The girls sleep comfortably in the hotel.	Las chicas duermen cómodamente en el hotel.
easily	fácilmente
The client relaxes easily.	El cliente se relaja fácilmente.
We find the spa easily.	Encontramos el spa fácilmente.
quickly	rápidamente
I never walk quickly through the spa.	Nunca camino rápidamente por el spa.
She reads the magazine quickly.	Ella lee la revista rápidamente.
really	realmente
The massage is really good.	El masaje es realmente bueno.
Do you really want to go to the spa?	¿Realmente quieres ir al spa?
I really need to relax.	Realmente necesito relajarme.
the way, manner	la forma
I like your way of speaking.	Me gusta tu forma de hablar.
Breathe in a calm way.	Respira de forma tranquila.
There are many ways to relax.	Hay muchas formas de relajarse.
totally, completely	totalmente
You are right, I totally agree.	Tienes razón, estoy totalmente de acuerdo.
After the massage, I am totally relaxed.	Después del masaje, estoy totalmente relajada.
The spa is completely full.	El spa está totalmente lleno.
simply	simplemente
I simply want to rest.	Simplemente quiero descansar.
It is not difficult. Simply breathe slowly.	No es difícil. Simplemente respira despacio.
The massage was simply perfect.	El masaje fue simplemente perfecto.
especially	especialmente
I love the spa, especially the pool.	Me encanta el spa, especialmente la piscina.
Today I am especially tired.	Hoy estoy especialmente cansado.
The hotel is expensive, especially in summer.	El hotel es caro, especialmente en verano.
currently, at present	actualmente
Currently I work at a spa, but before I was a teacher.	Actualmente trabajo en un spa, pero antes era profesora.
Currently I do not have a job.	Actualmente no tengo trabajo.
Where do you live at present?	¿Dónde vives actualmente?

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