Accumulated State with "Tener"
To express an action you have completed or a state you have accumulated so far, use the verb tener followed by a past participle. This structure is very common when talking about progress on tasks, such as academic work.
| I already have the introduction written. | Ya tengo escrita la introducción. |
| Do you have the theoretical introduction structured? | ¿Tienes estructurada la introducción teórica? |
Past Participle Agreement
Unlike the standard perfect tense with haber (where the participle always ends in -o), the past participle in this structure acts like an adjective. It must agree in gender and number with the direct object receiving the action.
Feminine singular (la bibliografía):
| The professor has the bibliography compiled. | La profesora tiene recopilada la bibliografía. |
Masculine singular (el índice):
| They have the index prepared for the thesis. | Ellos tienen preparado el índice para la tesis. |
Masculine plural (tres párrafos):
| My sister has three paragraphs memorized. | Mi hermana tiene memorizados tres párrafos. |
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