Breakdown of Эти слова легко понять.
этот
this [f: эта, n: это]
слово
word
понять
to understand (perfective)
легко
easily; it is easy
Questions & Answers about Эти слова легко понять.
Is эти слова the subject of this sentence like it is in English?
No, it is actually the direct object of the verb понять (to understand). Because слова is an inanimate noun, its accusative plural form looks exactly like its nominative plural form. A more literal translation of the Russian structure is: It is easy to understand these words.
Since words is plural, why do we use легко instead of the plural adjective лёгкие?
In Russian, you describe the ease or difficulty of an action using an impersonal structure with an adverb (or category of state word) like легко. You aren't saying the words themselves possess the physical quality of being easy or light (which would use the adjective лёгкие); you are saying the action of understanding them is done easily (легко).
If эти слова is the direct object, why does it come at the beginning of the sentence?
Russian word order uses position to show emphasis rather than grammar. Putting the object эти слова at the beginning makes it the topic of the sentence—the known information we are discussing. This allows the sentence to flow very similarly to the English version, even though the underlying grammar is completely different.
Why use the perfective verb понять instead of the imperfective понимать?
Using the perfective понять focuses on the successful completion or result of the action: grasping the meaning. While легко понимать is grammatically possible, it would focus on the continuous process of understanding, which sounds slightly unnatural here unless you are emphasizing the ongoing ease of following someone's speech over time.