Masculine irregular plurals (города, дома)

Irregular Masculine Plurals: Stressed -а and -я

Most masculine nouns form the nominative plural with or . However, a specific group takes a stressed (for hard stems) or (for soft stems) instead.

These must be memorized. You likely already know examples like дом (house) → дома and город (city) → города.

Here are several nautical terms that follow this pattern. Notice how якорь ends in a soft sign and takes the soft ending :

  • катер (motorboat) → катера
  • парус (sail) → паруса
  • борт (side/board) → борта
  • якорь (anchor) → якоря
There were white sails on the sea.
На море были белые паруса.
We washed the sides of the ship ourselves.
Мы сами мыли борта корабля.
The anchors fell to the bottom.
Якоря упали на дно.

Official Papers and Titles

The stressed / ending is also common for documents and certain titles:

  • директор (director) → директора
  • пропуск (pass) → пропуска
  • ордер (warrant) → ордера
  • штемпель (stamp) → штемпеля
The directors have already left, and we remained here.
Директора уже уехали, а мы остались здесь.
Yesterday we received the warrants.
Вчера мы получили ордера.

Be careful—not all similar words take this ending. For instance, капитан (captain) and инспектор (inspector) use standard regular plurals (капитаны, инспекторы).

More Irregular Plurals

Another everyday noun that uses this irregular plural is голос (voice) → голоса.