Locations in prepositional case (в / на)

Expressing Location: "В" and "На"

To express location, Russian uses the prepositions в (in) and на (on / at). Nouns following these prepositions take the prepositional case.

For most singular nouns, form the prepositional case with the ending :

  • Masculine (ending in a consonant): Add (банкв банке).
  • Feminine (ending in -а): Replace with (аптекав аптеке).

Using "В" (In)

Use в for enclosed spaces, buildings, and general areas.

My friend is in the bank right now.
Мой друг сейчас в банке.

Using "На" (On / At)

Use на for surfaces.

The dictionary is on the shelf.
Словарь на полке.

Russian also uses на for certain locations where English might say "at" or "in", such as a factory (завод).

Contrasting Locations

Contrast locations using the conjunction а (and/but).

Sister works in a pharmacy, and I work in an office.
Сестра работает в аптеке, а я в офисе.
The book is on the shelf, and the cat is on the sofa.
Книга на полке, а кот на диване.

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