When someone receives an action or object—like the person you are giving a gift or sending a message to—they are the indirect object. In Russian, you express this using the dative case.
You will frequently use it with verbs of giving, sending, and showing.
Feminine Nouns (-е)
For feminine nouns ending in -а or -я, replace the ending with -е.
- сестра → сестре
- подруга → подруге
| I often give my sister a gift. | Я часто дарю сестре подарок. |
| Anna is sending a letter to a friend. | Анна отправляет письмо подруге. |
Masculine and Neuter Nouns (-у, -ю)
For masculine nouns ending in a hard consonant, add -у. For neuter nouns ending in -о, change the ending to -у.
- мальчик → мальчику
- брат → брату
- начальство → начальству
| Mom is showing the boy a new toy. | Мама показывает мальчику новую игрушку. |
| Anna is sending a letter to her brother now. | Анна сейчас отправляет письмо брату. |
| In the morning, the secretary sends a message to the management. | Утром секретарь отправляет сообщение начальству. |
If a masculine or neuter noun ends in -й, -ь, or -е, replace the final letter with -ю.
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